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Gaku KUDO

Ecology (Plant Ecology, Reproductive Biology, Biological Interaction)

Associate Professor/Ph.D

Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecology

Faculty of Environmental Earth Science

Hokkaido University

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Lab. Address

Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University

Kita-ku N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan

Fax: +81.11.706.4954 / Tel: +81.11.706.2269

E-mail: here

Research Interest

Reproductive Ecology of Alpine Plants
Key words: Snowmelt gradient, flowering phenology, snowbed, fellfield, reproductive success, pollination, gene flow, meta-population structure

Selected Publication:

Kameyama Y. & Kudo G. 2009. Flowering phenology influences seed production and outcrossing rate in populations of an alpine snowbed shrub, Phyllodoce aleutica: effects of pollinators and self-incompatibility. Annals of Botany 103: 1385-1394.

Hirao A.S. & Kudo G. 2004. Landscape genetics of alpine-snowbed plants: comparisons along geographic and snowmelt gradients. Heredity 93: 290-298.

Kudo G. & Suzuki S. 2002. Relationship between flowering phenology and fruit-set of dwarf shrubs in alpine fellfields in northern Japan: A comparison with a subarctic heathland in northern Sweden. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 34: 185-190.
Pollination Ecology
Key words: Bumblebee, gender variation, sex allocation, floral traits, pollen flow, mating system, inflorescence architecture, flower color

Selected Publication:

Kudo G. et al. 2011. Pollination efficiency of bumblebee queens and workers in the alpine shrub Rhododendron aureum. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172:70-77.

Kudo G. et al. 2007. A test of the pollination effectiveness of floral color change using artificial inflorescences visited by bumblebees. Oecologia 154: 119-128.

Kudo G. et al. 2001. Variation in floral sex allocation and reproductive success within inflorescences of Corydalis ambigua (Fumariaceae): Pollination efficiency or resource limitation? Journal of Ecology 89: 48-56.
Ecology of Leaf Trait Variation
Key words: Leaf life-span, season length, photosynthesis, nitrogen content, leaf mass area, carbon balance

Selected Publication:

Kudo G. et al. 2001. Leaf-trait variation of tundra plants along a climatic gradient: an integration of responses in evergreen and deciduous species. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 33: 181-190.
Life History Strategy of Understory Plants in Cool-temperate Forests
Key words: Mating system, phenology, photosynthesis, pollination, light environment, deciduous forest, spring ephemerals

Selected Publication:

Kudo G. & Ida T.Y. 2010. Carbon source for reproduction in a spring ephemeral herb, Corydalis ambigua (Papaveraceae). Functional Ecology 24: 62-69.

Kudo G. et al. 2008. Linkages between phenology, pollination, photosynthesis, and plant reproduction in deciduous forest understory plants. Ecology 89: 321-331.
Global Change Impacts on Northern Terrestrial Ecosystem
Key words: Alpine ecosystem, cool-temperate forest, plant-pollinator interaction, warming effect, phenology, reproduction
Selected Publication:

Kudo G. et al. 2010. Habitat-specific responses of alpine plants to climatic amelioration: comparison of fellfield and snowbed communities. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 42:438-448.

Kudo G., Amagai Y., Hoahino B & Kaneko M. 2011. Invasion of dwarf bamboo into alpine snow-meadows in northern Japan: pattern of expansion and impact on species diversity. Ecology and Evolution 1: 85-96. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9
Plant-Herbivore Interaction
Key words: defense, leaf phenology, leaf traits, compensation, nitrogen
Selected Publication:

Kudo G. 2003. Variations in leaf traits and susceptibility to insect herbivory within a Salix miyabeana population under field conditions. Plant Ecology 169: 61-69.

Biography

1962. _____ Born in Tokyo
1985. _____ Bachelor of Agriculture (Forestory), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
1987. _____ Master of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University
1991. _____ Doctor of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
1990-92. __ Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
1993-94. __ National Institute Post Doctoral Fellowship of Research Development Cooperation of Japan
1994-00. __ Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
1996. _____ Visiting Scholar, Abisko Scientific Research Station, Sweden
1997. _____ Recipient, Ecological Society Award of Young Scientists (Ecological Society of Japan)
2000- _____ Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
2001. _____ Visiting Scholar, University of Calgary, Canada

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Publication List (Gaku Kudo)

2012

85) Jagerbrand A.K., Kudo G., Alatalo J.M., Molau U. 2012. Effects of neighboring vascular plants on the abundance of bryophytes in different vegetation types, Polar Science (in press)
84) Elmendorf S.C., Henry G.H.R., Hollister R.D. et al. 2012. Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming. Nature Climate Change doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1465
83) Elmendorf S.C., Henry G.H.R., Hollister R.D. et al. 2012. Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time. Ecology Letters 15: 164-175. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x
82) Ida T.Y., Harder L.D. & Kudo G. 2012. Effects of defoliation and shading on the physiological cost of reproduction in silky locoweed, Oxytropis sericea. Annals of Botany 109: 237-246.

2011

81) Kudo G., Amagai Y., Hoahino B & Kaneko M. 2011. Invasion of dwarf bamboo into alpine snow-meadows in northern Japan: pattern of expansion and impact on species diversity. Ecology and Evolution 1: 85-96.doi: 10.1002/ece3.9
80) Kawai Y. & Kudo G. 2011. Local differentiation of flowering phenology in an alpine-snowbed herb Gentiana nipponica. Botany 89: 361-367.
79) Hirao A.S., Sato T. & Kudo G. 2011. Beringia is the phylogeographic origin of a circumpolar plant, Vaccinium uliginosum, that migrated to the Japanese archipelago. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 61:155-160.
78) Kudo G., Kawai Y. & Hirao A.S. 2011. Pollination efficiency of bumblebee queens and workers in the alpine shrub Rhododendron aureum. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172:70-77.
77) Kameyama Y. & Kudo G. 2011. Clarification of genetic component of hybrids between Phyllodoce caerulea and Phyllodoce aleutica (Ericaceae) in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Plant Species Biology 26: 93-98.

2010

76) Kudo G., Kimura M., Kasagi T., Kawai Y. & Hirao A.S. 2010. Habitat-specific responses of alpine plants to climatic amelioration: comparison of fellfield and snowbed communities. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 42:438-448.
75) Ida T.Y. & Kudo G. 2010. Seasonal patterns of carbon assimilation and allocation of a summer-green forest herb, Parasenecio auriculata (Senecioneae; Asteraceae). Plant Ecology 210:181-193.
74) Ida T.Y. & Kudo G. 2010. Modification of bumblebee behavior by floral color change and implications for pollen transfer in Weigela middendorffiana. Evolutionary Ecology 24:671-684.
73) Kudo G. & Ida T.Y. 2010. Carbon source for reproduction in a spring ephemeral herb, Corydalis ambigua (Papaveraceae). Functional Ecology 24: 62-69.

2009

72) Hoshino B., Kudo G., Yabuki T., Kaneko M. & Ganzorig S. 2009. Investigation on the water stress in alpine vegetation using Hyperspectral Sensors. IEEE IGARSS 2009, pp.554-556.
71) Shimono Y., Watanabe M., Hirao A.S., Wada N. & Kudo G. 2009. Morphological and genetic variations of Potentilla matumurae (Rosaceae) between fellfield and snowbed populations. American Journal of Botany 96: 728-737.
70) Ida T.Y. & Kudo G. 2009. Comparisons of light harvesting and resource allocation strategies between two rhizomatous herbaceous species inhabiting deciduous forests. Journal of Plant Research 122: 171-181.
69) Kameyama Y. & Kudo G. 2009. Flowering phenology influences seed production and outcrossing rate in populations of an alpine snowbed shrub, Phyllodoce aleutica: effects of pollinators and self-incompatibility. Annals of Botany 103: 1385-1394.
68) Kawai Y. & Kudo G. 2009. Effectiveness of buzz pollination in Pedicularis chamissonis: Significance of multiple visits by bumblebees. Ecological Research 24: 215-23.

2008

67) Ishii H.S., Hirabayashi Y. & Kudo G. 2008. Combined effects of inflorescence architecture, display size, plant density and empty flowers on bumble bee behaviour: experimental study with artificial inflorescences. Oecologia 156: 341-350.
66) Hirao A.S. & Kudo G. 2008. The effect of segregation of flowering time on fine-scale spatial genetic structure in an alpine-snowbed herb Primula cuneifolia. Heredity 100: 424-430.
65) Ida T.Y. & Kudo G. 2008. Timing of canopy closure influences carbon translocation and seed production of an understory herb,Trillium apetalon (Trilliaceae). Annals of Botany 101: 435-446.
64) Kameyama Y., Kasagi T. & Kudo G. 2008. A hybrid zone dominated by fertile F1s of two alpine shrub species, Phyllodoce caerulea and Phyllodoce aleutica, along a snowmelt gradient. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21: 588-597.
63) Kudo G., Ida T.Y. & Tani T. 2008. Linkages between phenology, pollination, photosynthesis, and plant reproduction in deciduous forest understory plants. Ecology 89: 321-331.
62) Cao G-X. & Kudo G. 2008. Size-dependent sex allocation in a monocarpic perennial herb, Cardiocrinum cordatum (Liliaceae). Plant Ecology 194:99-107.

2007

61) Kudo G., Ishii H.S., Hirabayashi Y. & Ida T.Y. 2007. A test of the pollination effectiveness of floral color change using artificial inflorescences visited by bumblebees. Oecologia 154: 119-128.
60) Cao G-X., Kudo G. & Ida T.Y. 2007. Floral sex allocation of a hermaphrodite herb with 1-day flowers, Hosta rectifolia (Liliaceae). Plant Species Biology 22: 191-196.
59) Horibata S., Hasegawa F.S. & Kudo G. 2007. Cost of reproduction in a spring ephemeral species Adonis ramosa (Ranunculaceae): carbon budget for seed production. Annals of Botany 100: 565-571.

2006

58) Hirabayashi Y., Ishii S.I. & Kudo G. 2006. Significance of nectar distribution on bumblebee behavior within inflorescences with reference to inflorescence architecture and display size. Ecoscience 13: 351-359.
57) Tani T. & Kudo G. 2006. Seasonal pattern of leaf production and its effects on assimilation in giant summer-green herbs in deciduous forest in northern Japan. Canadian Journal of Botany 84: 87-98.
56) Hirao A.S., Kameyama Y., Ohara M., Isagi Y. & Kudo G. 2006. Seasonal changes in pollinator activity influence the pollen dispersal and seed production of the alpine shrub Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae). Molecular Ecology 15: 1165-1173.
55) Kudo G. & Hirao A.S. 2006. Habitat-specific responses in the flowering phenology and seed set of alpine plants to climate variation: Implications for global-change impacts. Population Ecology 48: 49-58.

2005

54) Kameyama Y., Kasagi T. & Kudo G. 2005. Eight microsatellite markers for sympatric alpine shrubs. Phyllodoce aleutica and P. caerulea (Ericaceae). Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 402-404.
53) Wada N., Watanuki K., Narita K., Suzuki S., Kudo G. & Kume A. 2005. Climate change and shoot elongation of alpine dwarf pine (Pinus pumila Regel): Comparisons between sex Japanese mountains. Phyton 45: 253-260.
52) Suzuki S. & Kudo G. 2005. Resource allocation pattern under simulated environmental change and seedling establishment of alpine dwarf shrubs in the mid-latitude mountain. Phyton 45: 409-414.
51) Kudo G. & Kasagi T. 2005. Micro-scale variations in the mating system and heterospecific incompatibility mediated by pollination competition in alpine snowbed plants. Plant Species Biology 20: 95-105.
50) Kudo G. & Harder L.D. 2005. Effectiveness of floral and inflorescence traits on pollen removal and seed production of six legume species. Functional Ecology 19:245-254.
49) Hasegawa T. & Kudo G. 2005. Comparisons of growth schedule, reproductive property and allocation pattern among three rhizomatous Polygonatum species with reference to the habitat type. Plant Species Biology 20: 9-18.
48) Shimono Y. & Kudo G. 2005. Comparisons of germination traits of alpine plants between fellfield and snowbed habitats. Ecological Research 20: 189-197.
47) Tani T. & Kudo G. 2005. Overwintering leaves of a forest-floor fern, Dryopteris crassirhizoma (Dryopteridace): a small contribution to the resource storage and photosynthetic carbon gain. Annals of Botany 95: 263-270.
46) Kasagi T. & Kudo G. 2005. Interspecific pollinator movements and heterospecific-incompatibility: comparisons between Phyllodoce caerulea and Phyllodoce aleutica along snowmelt gradients. Evolutionary Ecology Research 7: 73-87.

2004

45) Hirao A.S. & Kudo G. 2004. Landscape genetics of alpine-snowbed plants: comparisons along geographic and snowmelt gradients. Heredity 93: 290-298.
44) Kudo G. & Kasagi T. 2004. Floral sex allocation in Corydalis ambigua populations visited by different pollinators. Ecoscience 11: 218-227.
43) Kudo G. & Suzuki S. 2004. Flowering phenology of tropical-alpine dwarf trees on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Journal of Tropical Ecology 20: 563-571.

2003

42) Ida T.Y. & Kudo G. 2003. Floral color change in Weigela middendorffiana (Caprifoliaceae): Reduction of geitonogamous pollination by bumble bees. American Journal of Botany 90: 1751-1757.
41) Kudo G., Nishikawa Y., Kasagi T. & Kosuge S. 2004. Does seed production of spring ephemerals decrease when spring comes early? Ecological Research 19: 255-259.
40) Kasagi T. & Kudo G. 2003. Variations in bumblebee preference, pollen limitation, and selfing ability among neighboring populations: Comparisons between Phyllodoce caerulea and Phyllodoce aleutica (Ericaceae) along snowmelt gradients. American Journal of Botany 90: 1321-1327.
39) Kudo G. 2003. Variations in leaf traits and susceptibility to insect herbivory within a Salix miyabeana population under field conditions. Plant Ecology 169: 61-69.
38) Kudo G. 2003. Anther arrangement influences pollen deposition and removal in hermaphrodite flowers. Functional Ecology 17: 349-355.
37) Kudo G. & Suzuki S. 2003. Warming effects on growth, production, and vegetation structure of alpine shrubs: A five-year experiment in northern Japan. Oecologia 135: 280-287.
36) Tani T. & Kudo G. 2003. Storage ability of overwintering leaves and rhizomes in a semi-evergreen fern, Dryopteris crassirhizoma (Dryopteridaceae). Ecological Research 18: 15-24.
35) Shimono Y. & Kudo G. 2003. Intraspecific variations in seedling emergence and survival of Potentilla matsumurae (Rosaceae) between alpine fellfield and snowbed habitats. Annals of Botany 91:21-29.

2002

34) Kudo G. & Suzuki S. 2002. Relationship between flowering phenology and fruit-set of dwarf shrubs in alpine fellfields in northern Japan: A comparison with a subarctic heathland in northern Sweden. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 34: 185-190.
33) Kudo G. & Suzuki S. 2002. Flowering phenology of tropical-alpine plants on Mount Kinabalu: Preliminary report of two-year observation. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 5: 143-152.

2001

32) Shimono Y. & Kudo G. 2001. Pattern of seedling emergence of alpine plants: comparisons between fellfield and snowbed habitats. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research 54: 467-478.
31) Kasagi T. & Kudo G. 2001. Variations in floral traits of sympatric alpine shrubs, Phyllodoce caerulea and Phyllodoce aleutica, along snowmelt gradients. Polar Bioscience 14: 99-109.
30) Kudo G., Molau U. & Wada N. 2001. Leaf-trait variation of tundra plants along a climatic gradient: an integration of responses in evergreen and deciduous species. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 33: 181-190.
29) Kudo G., Maeda T. & Narita K. 2001. Variation in floral sex allocation and reproductive success within inflorescences of Corydalis ambigua (Fumariaceae): Pollination efficiency or resource limitation? Journal of Ecology 89: 48-56.

2000

28) Suzuki S. & Kudo G. 2000. Responses of alpine shrubs to simulated environmental change during three years in the mid-latitude mountain, northern Japan. Ecography 25: 553-564.

1999

27) Tamura S. & Kudo G. 1999. Wind pollination and insect pollination of two temperate willow species, Salix miyabeana and Salix sachalinensis. Plant Ecology 147: 185-192.
26) Kudo G., Nordenhall U. & Molau U. 1999. Effects of snow-melt timing on leaf traits, leaf production and shoot growth of alpine plants: Comparisons along a snow-melt gradient in northern Sweden. Ecoscience 6: 439-450.
25) Kudo G. & Molau U. 1999. Variations of reproductive traits at inflorescence and flower levels of an arctic legume, Astragalus alpinus L.: Comparisons between a subalpine and an alpine population. Plant Species Biology 14: 181-191.

1998

24) Kudo G. & Kitayama K. 1998. Drought effects on the summit vegetation on Mount Kinabalu by an El Nino event in 1998. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 2:101-110.
23) Kudo G. & Maeda T. 1998. Size-dependent variation of phenotypic gender and functional gender of a spring ephemeral, Anemone debilis Fisch. Plant Species Biology 13: 69-76.
22) Wada N., Kudo G. & Kojima S. 1998. Gender variation of Dryas octopetala along snowmelt and latitudinal gradients in the Subarctic and the High Arctic. Polar Bioscience 12: 87-99.
21) Kudo G. & Suzuki S. 1998. Flowering phenology of alpine plant communities along a gradient of snowmelt timing. Polar Bioscience 12: 100-113.

1997

20) Suzuki S. & Kudo G. 1997. Short-term effects of simulated environmental change on phenology, leaf traits, and shoot growth of alpine plants in a temperate mountain, northern Japan. Global Change Biology 3 (suppl.): 108-115.
19) Kudo G. 1997. Sex expression and fruit set of an andromonoecious herb, Peucedanum multivittatum (Umbelliferae) along a snowmelt gradient. Opera Botanica 132: 121-128.

1996

18) Sato T., Ito H., Kudo G., Kheong Y. S. & Furukawa A. 1996. Species composition and structure of epiphytic fern community on oil palm trunks in Malay archpelago. Tropics 6: 139-148.
17) Kudo G. 1996. Herbivory pattern and induced responses to simulated herbivory in Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Ecological Research 11: 283-289.
16) Kudo G. 1996. Effects of snow-melt timing on reproductive phenology and pollination process of alpine plants. Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research, Special Issue 51: 71-82.
15) Kudo G. 1996. Intraspecific variations of leaf traits in several deciduous species with reference to the length of growing season. Ecoscience 3: 483-489.

1995

14) Nishikawa Y. & Kudo G. 1995. Relationship between flower number and reproductive success of a spring ephemeral herb, Anemone flaccida (Ranunculaceae). Plant Species Biology 10: 111-118.
13) Kikuzawa K. & Kudo G. 1995. Effects of length of the snow-free period on leaf longevity in alpine shrubs: a cost-benefit model. Oikos 73: 214-220.
12) Kudo G. 1995. Altitudinal effects on leaf traits and shoot growth of Betula platyphylla var. japonica. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25: 1881-1885.
11) Kudo G. 1995. Leaf traits and shoot performance of an evergreen shrub, Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens, in accordance with latitudinal change. Canadian Journal of Botany 73: 1451-1456.
10) Kudo G. 1995. Ecological significance of flower heliotropism in the spring ephemeral Adonis ramosa (Ranunculaceae). Oikos 72: 14-20.

1993

9) Uemura S., Ohkawara K., Kudo G., Wada N. & Higashi S. 1993. Heat production and cross-pollination of the Asian skunk cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius (Araceae). American Journal of Botany 80: 635-640.
8) Kudo G. 1993. Relationship between flowering time and fruit set of the entomophilous alpine shrub, Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae), inhabiting snow patches. American Journal of Botany 80: 1300-1304.
7) Kudo G. 1993. Size-dependent resource allocation pattern and gender variation of Anemone debilis Fisch. Plant Species Biology 8: 29-34.

1992

6) Kudo G. & Ito K. 1992. Plant distribution in relation to the length of the growing season in a snow-bed in the Taisetsu Mountains, northern Japan. Vegetatio 98: 165-174.
5) Kudo G. 1992. Performance and phenology of alpine herbs along a snow-melting gradient. Ecological Research 7: 297-304.
4) Kudo G. 1992. Pre-flowering and fruiting periods of alpine plants in snow-bed. Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 40: 101-108.
3) Kudo G. 1992. Effect of snow-free duration on leaf life-span of four alpine plant species. Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 1684-1688.

1991

2) Kudo G. 1991. Effects of snow-free period on the phenology of alpine plants inhabiting snow patches. Arctic and Alpine Research 23: 436-443.

1988

1) Kudo G. & Ito K. 1988. Rhizome development ofPhragmites australis in a reed community. Ecological Research 3: 239-252.

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