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Shiro TSUYUZAKI
Plant community ecology / Environmental conservation

Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily

(Update on March 22 2012)

Abstracts

Abstracts (要旨)
Ecological society of Japan
Botanical society of Japan
IAVS (International Association for Vegetation Science)
  • Egawa C. & Tsuyuzaki S. 2011.6.20-24. Different responses of early and late colonizers to light and water in a post-mined peatland in northern Japan. (Lyon)
Others
ESJ (日本生態学会)

Rehabilitation of plant communities after bauxite mining in Western Australia

Abstract used for the poster sessiosn

Tsuyuzaki S (GSEES, HU), Loneragan B (UWA), Vlahos S (WAPL), Mattiske L (Mattiske Co)

WA

A southwestern region of Western Australia is assigned as a biodiversity hotspot, because of rare and precious ecosystems. This region is also important for the production of bauxite. Therefore, the rehabilitation of ecosystems after bauxite mining is prerequisite for the sustainable management of ecosystems. In the study area, Worsley Almina’s Bauxite Mine, located near Perth, commenced the mining in 1983. The projects on ecosystem rehabilitation started in 1986. The major applications are plantation and seeding of native species. The monitoring of rehabilitated areas has been undertaken using a permanent-plot technique since 1987. Based on the monitoring data, we evaluated species richness and diversity in each plot, and similarity between plots. Temporal changes in life form spectra were examined. Also, detrended correspondence analysis was conducted to investigate temporal changes in community structure. Based on the analysis of the data, we will introduce the outline of rehabilitation status.


Plant communities in areas damaged by the 1996 eruptions
on Mount Koma, Hokkaido


Used for the poster sessiosn (2003. Tsukuba)

Titus JH (Biosphere 2 Center, Columbia Univ.) & Tsuyuzaki S* (*GSEES, Hokkaido Univ.)

Abstract

Mycorrhizae occur in most terrestrial ecosystems and are crucial to understanding community structure and function. However, their role in primary succession is poorly understood. This study examines the mycorrhizal colonization of dominant plant species in relation to microsite types on recent volcanic substrates on the summit of Mt. Koma, Hokkaido, Japan.

Microsite

On Mount Koma's volcanically devastated summit six common plant species colonized 11 microsite types differentially. Flat sites cover 65%, rills and gullies 16%, and biotic sites 13% of the study area. Most species preferred near rock sites and avoided flat and biotic microsites. Polygonum and Salix preferred gully bottoms and edges. Polygonum and Salix seedlings avoided flat areas, Polygonum seedlings strongly colonized gullies, and Carex oxyandra seedlings preferred Salix patches. Distributions of seedlings and adult plants were correlated. Biotic microsites supported the largest Carex, rills supported the largest Agrostis, and the largest Salix were in gully bottoms and flats.

Mycorrhizal colonization

The six microsites were flat, rill, near rock, Carex tussock, Polygonum patch and Salix patch. Carex oxyandra was nonmycorrhizal and Agrostis scabra and Campanula lasiocarpa were arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) at all microsites examined. Agrostis AM colonization levels did not differ across microsites. Near rock Campanula roots contained significantly more hyphae than at flat and Polygonum patch microsites, and rill and Carex tussock Campanula more arbuscules than at Polygonum patches. Penstemon frutescens was found to be facultatively mycotrophic with AM colonization occurring in roots of Penstemon growing in Carex tussocks, Polygonum patches and near rocks. Polygonum weyrichii was found to be ectomycorrhizal. Polygonum located in rills and in Polygonum and Salix patches were more colonized than Polygonum in Carex patches. Salix reinii was heavily ectomycorrhizal.

References

  • Titus, J.H. & Tsuyuzaki, S. 2002. Arbuscular mycorrhizal distribution in relation to microsites on recent volcanic substrates of Mt. Koma, Hokkaido, Japan. Mycorrhiza 12: 271-275
  • Titus, J.H. & Tsuyuzaki, S. 2003. Distribution of plants in relation to microsites on recent volcanic substrates on Mount Koma, Hokkaido, Japan. Ecological Research 18: 91-98
  • Titus, J.H. & Tsuyuzaki, S. 2003. Influence of a non-native invasive tree on primary succession at Mt. Koma, Hokkaido, Japan. Plant Ecology 169: 307-315

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BSJ (日本植物学会)

Vegetation recovery on peat mining sites
in Sarobetsu Mire, northern Hokkaido


Aiko Nishimura & Shiro Tsuyuzaki (GSEES, Hokkaido Univ.)

Ca 2700 ha wetland is distributed in Sarobetsu, northern Hokkkaido, Japan. Here, peat with 3-20 ha has been annually mined for using soil-improvement material since 1970. To investigate succession pattern on the mined area, ca 20 1 m × 1 m plots were set up in areas with different ages at about 3-year intervals after the abandonment, with non-mined area used as control. In each plot, species composition and water level were measured. With increasing age, increases in species richosition and environmental factors, i.e., water chemistness and plot cover began ca 10 years after the abandonment. Grass species, Moliniopsis japonica, Rhynchospora alba and Phragmites communis, etc. were dominant 20 years after the abandonment, while peat moss was predominant in the control. Vegetation structrue in the oldest abandoned area differed from that in the control. Of environmental factors, cations, e.g., NH4+ and K+, and total nitrogen in peat water decreased with increasing age. Water level seemed not to be related to the age of abandonment, but affected vegetation structrue. In conclusion, nutrients in peat water was richer soon after the abandonment, and plant establishment was promoted there. However, the vegetation structure was greatly different from the control even on the oldest site. This also may imply that the vegetation change does not go towards Sphagnum mire in the present state.

References
  • Nishimura, A., Tsuyuzaki, S. & Haraguchi, A. 2009. A chronosequence approach for detecting revegetation patterns after Sphagnum-peat mining, northern Japan. Ecological Research 24: 237-246

Plant community dynamics on Mount Koma, Japan, after the 1996 eruption

Shiro Tsuyuzaki (GSEES, Hokkaido Univ.)

WA

Several small-scaled eruptions have made since 1996 on Mount Koma, northern Japan, while this mountain was inactive after the 1929 catastrophic eruption. To clarify the damage of the plant communities and to monitor the dynamics, I set up permanent plots on four locations based on the depths of volcanic deposits produced in 1996, A) non-disturbed, B) slightly-disturbed, C) intermediately-disturbed, and D) intensively-disturbed. I annually monitored those plots up to 2000. The results were as follows:

  1. Mosses and lichens were predominant on plots A and B, while those were less on plots C and D. On C and D, those taxa did not increase the cover to 2000.
  2. Mean species richness increased from D to A in each year. However, species richness did not increase from 1996 to 2000 in any locations.
  3. Of vascular plants, a shrub Salix reinii was dominant in plots C and D, because the plant could survive during the eruption. The cover of this plant annually increased in plot C. Polygonum weyrichii, Penstemon frutescens and Carex oxyandra established in plot D throughout the surveyed period.
  4. In a area where the thickness of volcanic deposits was 10 cm, the major recovery was mostly conducted by the species that could survive during eruption, such as S. reinii.
References
  • Tsuyuzaki, S. & Hase, A. 2005. Plant community dynamics on the volcano Mount Koma, northern Japan, after the 1996 eruption. Folia Geobotanica 40: 319-330

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IAVS
Different responses of early and late colonizers to light and water in a post-mined peatland in northern Japan

54th Symposium (Vegetation in and around water -patterns, processes and threats-)

Egawa C. & Tsuyuzaki S.

Keywords: Early succession, Facilitation, Shade, Drought, Biomass allocation

In primary succession, shade by early colonizers often facilitates seedling regeneration by ameliorating strong sunlight and soil moisture. Responses to light and water are greatly different between early and late colonizers, and therefore, the vegetation cover of early colonizers affects the regeneration of each species differently. In this study, we conducted a field experiment to examine (1) how early and late colonizers differed in their responses to changes in light and water and (2) how shade from early colonizers affected the regeneration of two species. The experiment was conducted on bare ground in a post-mined peatland in northern Japan. The seeds of Rhynchospora alba (an early colonizer) and Moliniopsis japonica (a late colonizer) were sown with three water treatments (dry, wet, control) × two irradiances (with and without 50% shading that imitates the R. alba cover). Seventy-five days after sowing, we excavated the seedlings and measured their shoot biomass, root biomass, seedling height and total root length. The total biomass of R. alba seedlings decreased with shading in all the water treatments, while that of M. japonica increased with shading, particularly, in the dry treatment. The wet treatment reduced the total biomass of R. alba, whereas that of M. japonica increased with increasing water content. R. alba seedlings allocated more resources to aboveground biomass with shading and made thinner shoots, but M. japonica did not change the resource allocation in any of the treatments. These results show that light reduction is more determinative than drought for the growth of the early colonizer R. alba, and the shade by conspecies may negatively affect its own seedling growth. The late colonizer M. japonica is more sensitive to drought than the early colonizer without shading and thus does not become established on bare ground. However, if shaded, M. japonica grows faster even in the dry condition. Therefore, facilitation by an early colonizer is particularly important when the soil surface is drier for the seedling growth of the late colonizer.

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