Introcution to global warming
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Related lectures
Global warming ecology ( 地球温暖化総論 )
Advanced course in environmental conservation (環境保全特論)
Introduction to ozone depletion and the effect of UV (自然環境学特論)
Objectives of this lecture
Large-scaled environmental fluctuations derive various effects on biosphere, including various-sized organisms from unicellular microorganisms to large animals and plants. To clarify the responses of ecosystems to environments, it is prerequisite to research and analyze various temporal and spatial scales. Based on the consideration of those scales, we focus on terrestrial and oceanic plant communities and learn the response of ecosystems to global warming and the feedback to the environments.
July 6 2010
Interactions between environments and between environments and ecosystems
Taiga and forest fire
Regeneration after wildfire in Alaska
Ref: Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS)
Small scale
Manipulation
Experimental warming
Field greenhouse
Passive open-top chamber
Active open-top chamber
Active soil warming
Electric infrared heat
Reciprocal or one-way transplantation
Measurments of ecosystem changes by warming experiments
Perennial plants
Annual plants
And ... belowground
Negative feedbak
Large (global) scale
To understand the followings, read references
Distribution
Two factors (Case temperature and precipitation)
Multiple factors
Application to ecosystem changes by global warming
Normalized difference vegetation incex (NDVI)
Productivity
Sept 1 2009
Interactions between environments and between environments and ecosystems
Taiga and forest fire
Regeneration after wildfire in Alaska
Ref: Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS)
Small scale
Manipulation
Experimental warming
Field greenhouse
Passive open-top chamber
Active open-top chamber
Active soil warming
Electric infrared heat
Reciprocal or one-way transplantation
Measurments of ecosystem changes by warming experiments
Perennial plants
Annual plants
And ... belowground
Negative feedbak
Large (global) scale
Read references
Distribution
Two factors (Case temperature and precipitation)
Multiple factors
Application to ecosystem changes by global warming
Normalized difference vegetation incex (NDVI)
Productivity
July 7 2008
Ecosystem
Biome: temperature and precipitation
(Human) disturbance
Interactions between environments and between environments and ecosystems
Siberian taiga and Forest fire
Vegetation after wildfire in Alaska (from 2005 to 2007)
Small scale
Manipulation
Experimental warming
Field greenhouse
Passive open-top chamber
Active open-top chamber
Active soil warming
Electric infrared heat
Reciprocal or one-way transplantation
Measurments of ecosystem changes by warming experiments
Perennial plants
Annual plants
And ... belowground
Negative feedbak
Large (global) scale
Read references
Distribution
Two factors (Case temperature and precipitation)
Multiple factors
Application to ecosystem changes by global warming
Normalized difference vegetation incex (NDVI)
Productivity
June 5 2007
ecosystem
biome: temperature and precipitation
(human) disturbance
scale-dependence on disturbances
greenhosue effect and refrigerator effect
interactions between environments and between environments and ecosystems
(Siberian) taiga and forest fire
Large (or global) scale
distribution
single factor (Ex. temperature only)
two factors (Ex. temperature and precipitation)
multiple factors
application to ecosystem changes by global warming
there are many controversial subjects
remote sensing and GIS
remote sensing
general reflection patterns of plants, soil, and water
vegetation index
seasonal changes in NDVI
temperal changes of NDVI on Mount Pinatubo
[Mudflows on the volcano Mount Pinatubo, Philippines]
seasonal changes in NDVI in the world
distribution of biome, evaluated by NDVI
geographic information system
photosynthesis
6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
It may be no exaggeration to say that this equation tells all.
GPP and NPP: primary productivity (gross primary productivity and net primary productivity)
estimation of primary productivity by satellite data
absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, APAR
average light utilization efficiency, ε
NPP = (APAR)·ε
Small scale
Read references
Topic: methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions
English