Seconary succession
Primary succession
Vocanic succession on Mount St. Helens
Secondary succession: started by disturbances that do not completely remove the former preexisting vegetation and soil
Post-mined peatland
Revegetation on skislope
Revegetation after coal mining
Revegetation after wildfire
Early stages of secondary succession
This landscape is one year after a bare land created due to closing a pachinko parlors. The dominant species were Chenopodium album, Oenothera biennis and other annuals. The vegetation recovery is greatly determined by seedbank. On N24/E1, the city of Sapporo, on August 30 2008.
These are the landscape of two years after the creation of bare land. Species composition changed greatly to Lactuca scariola (annual to biennial). [Left] A perennial Artemisia montana patch developed. [Right] Brown stalks are Rumex obtusifolius (perennial). On July 30 2009.