Ultraviolet light
- Electromagnetic spectrum (電磁スペクトル)
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The entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, most of which are not detectable by the human eye except in visible spectrum from ca 400-700 nm. Wavelengths shorter than the visible light contain large quantities of energy being harmful to living materials.
Common name X-ray UV Visible light Infrared Radio A B C Range (nm) 10-1 - 101 102.30 - 102.45 102.45 - 102.50 102.50 - 102.58 102.58 - 102.8 102.8 - 105 105 - 109 - Visible light
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390 nm - 750 nm (standard human eye), used for photosynthesis
Spectrum of visible light
A rainbow, which indicates the spectrum of visible light well, from GSEES on October 17 2011 - Ultraviolet light (UV) 紫外線
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A type of electromagnetic radiation beyond the wavelength of visible light, ranging from 180 (200) to 330 (380) nm.
UV-A (long wave, black light)
over 99% of UV on the earth surface. UV-A enhances the harmful effects of UVB,and is responsible for photosensitivity reactions. Cause of suntan.
UV-B (medium wave)
1% on the earth surface. UV-B causes sunburn and photochemical damages within cells, including DNA. Cause of sunburn.
UV-C (short wave, germicidal)
UV-C is filtered out by the ozone layer and does not reach the earth surface.
- UV-absorbing compounds (UVAC) 紫外線吸収物質
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Literally-interpretable
- UV-absorbing compound concentration
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Sampling
sample in the field
↓ dig up a whole or aboveground material
↓ pack into a plastic bag (or ziplock)
↓ store in a cooler with refrigerant and/or dry ice
↓ carry them back to lab. asap
↓ keep the samples in a freezer at about -70(80)°C until use
↓ freeze-dryLeaf sample
Extraction
Method 1
Leaf sample (1 cm2 or known weight)
↓ add 15-ml methanol (HPLC grade)/HCl/H2O (90:1:1 volume)
↓ continuously stir and boil for 10 min.
↓ cool at room temperature for 15 min.
↓ filtrate with 90-µm mesh screensExtract
Method 2
Leaf sample (known weight)
↓ agitate gently in the dark for 24 hr at 4°C in 1 ml methanolic extract*
* 3M HCl/H2O/MeOH = 1:3:16 (vol)
↓ centrifuge at ≈ 8000 g for > 5 min.
Supernatant
Quantification
Absorbance is measured by a spectrophotometer. Dilution may be required.
Antocyanin compounds
Use the following equation:
(Absorbance measured at 530 nm) - 0.24 × (Absorbance measured at 653 nm)Calibration curve is made by Cyanidin 3-glucoside (Cy-3-glc)
♦ Unit = g (mg, or µg) (determined as Cy-3-glc g)/(g leaf)UV-B absorbing compounds
Absorbance measured at 300 nm
UV-A absorbing compounds
Absorbance measured at 350 nm
♦ Unit (UV-B and UV-B) = A/g (absorbance %/g leaf)
(Day 1993, Gould et al. 2000)
- References
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- Day TA. 1993. Relating UV-B radiation screening effectiveness of foliage to absorbing-compound concentration and anatomical characteristics in a diverse group of plants. Oecologia 95: 542-550
- Gould KS, Markham KR, Smith RH & Goris JJ. 2000. Functional role of anthocyanins in the leaves of Quintinia serrata A. Cunn. Journal of Experimental Botany 51: 1107-1115
- Introduction to the Ozone Depletion and the Effects of UV Radiation
- 実験プロトコル (Experimental protocol)
- Total ozone mapping spectrometer