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Shiro TSUYUZAKI
Plant community ecology / Environmental conservation

Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily

(Update on April 5 2008)

Bog

Bog
Wet meadow

Associated with lakes (lacustine) or wet depressions and bogs (palustrine). Several species from shallow marsh, plus various grasses, sedges, and rushes. Often border on persistent emergent wetlands.

Scrub-shrub palustrine wetlands

Associated with seasonally or permanently flooded low-lying terrain, usually part of a stream drainage or swamp system. It differs from forested wetlands in being dominated by shrub species or by young tree species, especially alder. Typical associations in Washington State: Spiraea douglasii; Acer circinatum/Athyrium filix-femina; Cornus stolonifera-Acci; Alnus rubra-Salix spp.; Rhamnus purshiana-Salix spp.; Salix spp.; Rubus spectabilis (seral); Rubus discolor (seral).

Forested wetland

Associated with seasonally or permanently flooded terrain, sometimes riparian or lacustrine, but often simply in poorly drained areas. Typical associations in Washington State: Fraxinus oregana/Athyrium filix-femina; Thujaplicata/ Lysichitum americanum; Alnus rubra/Acer circinatum; Populus trichocarpa-Acer macrophyllum; Populus tremuloides/Salix spp.

Bog

Very acid conditions with limited woody growth, dominated by Sphagnum; conditions may be dry to plants because the peat mat prevents roots from reaching water; they root in the peat and get nutrients from rainwater. Typical associations in Washington State: Sphagnum/Vaccinium oxycoccos; Ledum groenlandicum/Sphagnum; Sphagnum-Carex spp.

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Representative species
Species Wet meadow Scrub-shrub Forested wetland Bog
Juncus effusus x
Lysichitum americanum xxx
Scirpus microcarpus x
Eleocharis spp. x
Equisetum spp. xx
Phalaris arundinacea xx
Ranunculus repens x
Spiraea densiflora xx
Salix spp. xx
Malus fusca x
Acer circinatum xx
Cornus stolonifera x
Rhamnus purshiana x
Oenanthe sarmentosa x
Veronica scutellata x
Populus trichocarpa xx
Alnus rubra xx
Acer macrophyllum x
Fraxinus oregana x
Thuja plicata xx
Rubus spectabilis xx
Sambucus racemosa x
Oplopanax horridum x
Ledum groenlandicum xx
Kalmia occidentalis xx
Sphagnum spp. x
Athyrium filix-femina xx
Drosera rotundifolia x
Vaccinium oxycoccos x
Nuphar polysepalum x
Carex spp. xxx
Juncus spp. x
Menyanthes trifoliata x

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References

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