Diverstiy index
- Type of index
-
Community diversity
(Shmida & Wilson 1985)
Type Definition Index Scale α-diversity the species richness of samples representing communities H', C 102-104 m2 β-diversity The amount of biotic change among units. The differentiation of units on the α-diversity scale Similarity index γ-diversity The diversity of landscapes Same with α-diversity 106-108 m2
+ Genetic diversity, that refers to variation in heritable characteristics of a species. This diversity has three levels:
genetic variation in a single individual
genetic differences among individuals in a population
genetic differences among populationsGenetic diversity is related to minimum viable population size.
- α-diversity
-
Type Meaning Index Type 0 Using number of species only Number of species (species richness) Type 1 Using number of species and total number of individuals Gleason, Margalef, Menhinick Type 2 Considering domonance with type-1 diversity Whittaker, Shannon, Simpson, MacArthur, MacIntosh, Hurlbert, Bulla S, species richness
Fisher's αS = αloge(qn/α)
n: number of individuals per unit area.
q: area, or number of plots.Gleason = S/logN, or S/log10A (A: unit area)
Margalef = (S - 1)/lnN
Menhinick = logS/logN, and S/√NSimpson = 1/(Σ(ni/N)
Parker = 1 - Σpi2
Pielou = 1 - Σ{ni(ni - 1)}/N(N - 1)MacArthur = -Σ(ni/N)•log2(ni/N)
- Evenness
-
Ec = S/(logp1 - logps)
Ec' = S/4√(Σ(logp1 - logpi)2/S)
J' = H'/H'max = H'/logS - References
- Shmida A & Wilson V. 1985. Biological determinants of species diversity. Journal of Biogeography 12: 1-20
- Tsuyuzaki, S. 1991. Species turnover and diversity during early stages of vegetation recovery on the volcano Usu, northern Japan. Journal of Vegetation Science 2: 301-306