Tundra
- Contents
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[ tundra | permafrost | palsa | references ]
- Tundra (ツンドラ)
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Primary regions
Arctic tundra
Alpine tundraTemperature = low
Precipitation = low (< 250 mm), mainly as snowProductivity = low
Biomass = low
Species richness = high - Permafrost (永久凍土)
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Layer of soil or rock at some depth beneath the ground surface in which the temperature has been continuously below 0°C for at least a few years.
[Left] Under the water, it was frozon. [Center] Palsa developed on the permafrost. [Right] Vegetation survey conducted on the palsa (see below). At Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) on early August 2006. - Palsa pl. palsas, or palsen
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A low oval elevation on ice lens in (discontinuous) permafrost zones
often covered with peat bogs
- References
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- baidzharakh
- biome (バイオーム)
- peat (泥炭)
- pingo
- wetland (湿原)
- yedoma
- Nelson, F.E., Outcalt, S.I., Goodwin, C.W. & Hinkel, K.M. 1985. Diurnal thermal regime in a peat-covered palsa, Toolik Lake, Alaska. Arctic 38: 310-315
- Tsuyuzaki, S., Nakayama, T., Kuniyoshi, S. & Fukuda, M. 2001. Methane flux and vegetation types in grassy marshlands near Kolyma River, northern Siberia. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33: 1419-1423
- Tsuyuzaki, S., Ishizaki, T. & Sato, T. 1999. Vegetation structure in gullies developed by the melting of ice wedges along Kolyma River, northeastern Siberia. Ecological Research 14: 385-391
- Tsuyuzaki, S., Sawada, Y., Kushida, K. & Fukuda, M. 2008. A preliminary report on the vegetation zonation of palsas in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, northern Alaska, USA. Ecological Research 23: 787-793
- World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto [Model field at a point by IGRF (偏角計算)]