Species checklist in Alaska
Memorandum, mainly for ANWR
- Species checklist
- Species checklist #1
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Table 1. Plant names mentioned in the text, first alphabetically by scientific name and then alphabetically by common name.
Generalized scientific name Common name (alternate name) Scientific name with author(s) Alnus spp. alder Alnus crispa alder, green (American green alder) Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh (= A. viridis ssp. crispa) Alnus tenuifolia alder, thinleaf Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Populus tremuloides aspen, quaking Populus tremuloides Michaux Populus tremula aspen, European Populus tremula L. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi bearberry (kinnikinnick) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel Betula spp birch Betula papyrifera birch, paper Betula papyrifera Marshall Vaccinium uliginosum blueberry (bog blueberry, bog bilberry) Vaccinium uliginosum L. Eriophorum vaginatum cottongrass (cottonsedge) Eriophorum vaginatum Honck. Populus trichocarpa cottonwood, black Populus trichocarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Brayshaw Viburnum edule cranberry, highbush (high bushcranberry) Viburnum edule (Michaux) Raf. Vaccinium vitis-idaea cranberry, lowbush (lingenberry) Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Cornus stolonifera dogwood, red-osier (American dogwood) cf. Swida stolonifera (Michaux) Rydb. Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Pleurozium schreberi feathermoss Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. Epilobium angustifolium fireweed Epilobium angustifolium L. Calamagrostis spp. grass Calamagrostis canadensis grass, bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) P. Beaux Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum arvense L. Ledum groenlandicum Labrador-tea Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Calypso bulbosa orchid, fairyslipper Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes Pinus silvestris pine, Scotch Pinus sylvestris L. Goodyera repens plantain, rattlesnake Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. Populus spp. poplar Populus balsamifera poplar, balsam Populus balsamifera L. Pyrola secunda pyrola, one-sided Orthilia secunda (L.) House Pyrola asarifolia pyrola, pink (liver-leafed wintergreen) Pyrola asarifolia Michaux Rosa acicularis rose, wild (prickly rose) Rosa acicularis Lindley Spiraea beauverdiana spiraea, Beauverd's Spiraea beauverdiana C. Schneider Picea spp. spruce Picea mariana spruce, black Picea mariana (Miller) Britton, Sterns, Pogg. Picea abies spruce, Norway Picea abies Karst. Picea glauca spruce, white Picea glauca (Moench) Voss Larix laricina tamarack (Alaska larch) Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Geocaulon lividum toadflax, bastard (comandra) Geocaulon lividum (Richardson) Fern. Linnaea borealis twin-flower Linnaea borealis L. Salix spp. Willow Salix brachycarpa willow, barren-ground Salix brachycarpa Nutt. Salix bebbiana willow, Bebb's Salix bebbiana Sarg. Salix planifolia willow, diamondleaf Salix planifolia Pursh Salix alaxensis willow, feltleaf Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coy Salix glauca willow, greyleaf Salix glauca L. Salix arbusculoides willow, littletree Salix arbusculoides Andersson Salix lasiandra willow, Pacific cf. Salix lucida Muhl. ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) Argus Salix monticola willow, park (cherry willow) Salix monticola Bebb (UAM list = S. pseudomonticola) Salix interior willow, sandbar Salix interior Rowlee Salix novae-angliae willow, tall blueberry Salix novae-angliae Andersson Important Note: Complete scientific plant names include the name(s) of those who assigned the name. For most of the vascular plants, the names provided have been taken from the University of Alaska Museum's Provisional Alaskan Flora list. We have avoided subspecific names. Most authors of the papers used in this synthesis did not provide complete plant names, and we have no way of knowing exactly what form of each was referred to.
- Species checklist #2
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Table 1. Summary ground vegetation statistics for Plot Caleen A, Arctic NWR, 1997.
Table 2. Summary ground vegetation statistics for Plot Coleen-B, Arctic NWR,1997. F = frequency.Table 1 Cover (%) F (%) Table 2 Cover (%) F (%) COVER TYPE TOTALS COVER TYPE TOTALS Low shrubs 15 100 Low shrubs 13 95 Grarminoids and forbs 22 100 Graminoids and forbs 4 100 Mosses and liverworts 68 100 Mosses and liverworts 33 100 Lichens 0 0 Lichens 19 100 Dead wood litter 16 100 Dead wood litter 13 100 Leaf litter 20 100 Leaf litter 21 100 Bare ground 0 0 Bare ground < 1 20 LOW SHRUBS LOW SHRUBS Linnaea borealis 11 95 Linnaea borealis 3 70 Juniperus communis 3 50 Dryas integrifolia 2 45 Shepherdia canadensis 2 50 Vaccinium vitis-idaea 1 15 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1 35 GRAMINOIDS Junipetus cammtuus 1 10 Carex williamsii 6 65 Potentilla fruticosa < 1 5 Carex concinna 5 95 Shepherdia canadensis < 1 20 Grass spp. 2 70 GRAMINOIDS FORBS Carex concinna 4 1 Galium boreare 2 100 Calamagrostis purpuiascens < 1 15 Mertensia panieulata 2 95 Festuca altaica < 1 10 Pyrola secunda 2 65 Hedvsarum alpinum 1 75 FORBS Anemone parviflora 1 65 Arctostaphylos rubra 4 40 Equiserum arvense 1 30 Equisetum scirpoides 1 80 Pyrola grandiflora 1 25 Arnica latifolia 1 45 Anemone richardsonii 1 15 Lupinus arctcus 1 45 Plantanthera obtusata < 1 40 Menensia paniculata < 1 15 Cypripedium passerinum < 1 20 Anemone parviflora < 1 10 Zygadenus elegans < 1 55 Pyrola grandiflora < 1 15 Unknown composite seedling < 1 55 Stellaria sp. < 1 5 Goodyera repens < 1 5 Geocaulon lividum < 1 5 Equisetum scirpoides < 1 5 Pyrola secunda < 1 10 Equisetum variegatum < 1 5 Lupinus arcticus < l 5 MOSSES & LIVERWORTS Moneses uniflora < 1 25 Ptilidium ciliare 12 75 Boschniakia rossica < 1 10 Tomenthvpnurn nitens 11 90 Arctostaphylos rubra < 1 5 Dicranum sp. 4 85 Hypnum sp. 4 85 MOSSES & LIVERWORTS Hylocomium splendens 1 70 Hylocomium splendens 45 95 Pohlia cruda 1 10 Tomenthypnum nitens 8 55 Distichium sp. < 1 20 Sanionia ttncinata 4 60 Brachvthecium sp. 3 40 LICHENS Campylium sp. 1 15 Peltigera aphthosa 3 90 Unk. moss on tree base < 1 5 Cladina arbuscula 3 80 Brachythecium sp. < 1 10 Cladonia spp. (cupped) 2 80 Dicranum sp. < 1 20 Cetraria cucullata 2 75 Abietinella abietina < 1 5 Peltigera malacea 2 60 Scaponia sp. < 1 5 Cladonia spp. (horned) 1 65 Cladonia stellaris 1 5 Hypogymnia physodes 1 30 Cetraria nivalis 1 10 Cladina rangiferina < 1 15 Cladonia amaurocraea < 1 20 Stereocaulon alpinum < 1 15 Cetraria laevigata < 1 25 Cetraria pinastre < 1 20 Fuscopannaria praetermissa < 1 5 Mushrooms < 1 15 Columns are plant species, mean percent cover in plot based on 20 quadrats, and frequency of occurrence in plot expressed as the percentage of quadrats with that species.
- Species checklist #3
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Table 7. Percent cover of plant species and lifeforms for Plot Jago-A, Arctic NWR, 1997.
Table 8. Percent cover of plant species and lifeforms for Plot Jago-B, Arctic NWR, 1997.Jago-A Cover (%) Jago-B Cover (%) TOTAL VEGETATION 120 TOTAL VEGETATION 133 SHRUBS 35 SHRUBS 39 SEDGES AND GRASSES 25 SEDGES AND GRASSES 23 FORBS 5 FORBS 8 MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 46 MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 61 LICHENS 13 LICHENS 5 STANDING DEAD SEDGE AND GRASS 32 STANDNG DEAD SEDGE AND GRASS 22 LITTER 23 LITTER 35 BARE GROUND 0 BARE GROUND < 1 SHRUBS 11 SHRUBS BETULA NANA 8 SALIX PULCHRA 7 SALIX PLANIFOLIA 7 SALIX PHLEBOPHYLLA 6 LEDUM DECUMBENS 5 SALIX RETICULATA 6 CASSIOPE TETRAGONA 5 VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA 5 VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA < 1 SALIX GLAUCA 5 SALIX PHLEBOPHYLLA < 1 CASSIOPE TETRAGONA 4 SALIX RETICULATA < 1 DRYAS INTEGRIFOLIA 4 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS ALPINA 1 BETULA NANA 2 VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM < 1 SEDGES AND GRASSES 19 SALIX ROTUNDIFOLIA < 1 ERIOPHORUM VAGINATUM 5 CAREX BIGELOWII 1 SEDGES AND GRASSES ARCTAGROSTIS LATIFOLIA < 1 CAREX BIGELOWII 14 ERIOPHORUM VAGINATUU 7 FORBS 2 ARCTAGROSTIS LATIFOLIA 2 POLYGONUM BISTORTA 1 LUZULA SP. < 1 PYROLA GRANDIFLORA 1 PEDICULARIS CAPITATA < 1 FORBS POLYGONUM VIVTPARUM < 1 POLYGONUM BISTORTA 4 SENECIO SP. < 1 SENECIO SP. 1 STELLARIA SP. < 1 PYROLA GRANDIFLORA 1 PEDICULARIS CAPITATA 1 MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS 18 SAUSSUREA ANGUSTIFOLIA 1 HYLOCOMIUM SPLENDENS 9 MINUARTIA ARCTICA 1 DICRANUM SP. 7 SAXIFRAGA PUNCTATA & STELLARIA SP. < l AULACOMNIUM TURGIDUM 5 TOMENTHYPNUM NITENS 4 MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS SPHAGNUM SP. 3 HYLOCOMIUM SPLENDENS 15 AULACOMNIUM PALUSTRE 1 AULACOMNIUM TURGIDUM 15 POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERNUM < 1 TOMENTHYPNUM NITENS 12 POLYTRICHUM STRICTUM < 1 DICRANUM SP. 7 RHYITDIUM RUGOSUM < 1 POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM 5 PTILIDIUM CILIARE < 1 AULACOMIUM PALUSTRE 3 UNKNOWN LEAFY LIVERWORT < 1 PTILIDIUM CILIARE 1 RHYTIDIUM RUGOSUM 1 LICHENS 8 POLYTRICHUM SIRICTUM 1 PELTIGERA APHTHOSA 1 HYPNUM SP. & HYPNUM SP. < 1 CRUSTOSE LICHEN 1 RHACOMITRIUM LANUGNOSUM < 1 PELTIGERA CANINA 1 UNKNOWN LEAFY LIVERWORT < 1 CETARIA CUCULLATA 1 CAMPYLIUM STELLATUM < 1 CLADONIA SP. < 1 THUTDIUM ABIETINUM < 1 CETARIA ISLANDICA < 1 DACTYLINA ARCTICA < 1 LICHENS SPHAEROPHORLTS GLOBOSUS < 1 PELTIGERA APHTHOSA 2 PELTIGERA SP. 2 2 CLADONIA SP. 1 1 CRUSTOSE LICHEN 1 1 CETRARIA CUCULLATA & C. LAEVIGATA < 1 DACTYLINA ARCTICA < 1 THAMNOLIA SP. < 1 Percent cover based on point sampling with 1000 points per plot.
- Species checklist #4
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Watering experiment in 1 m2 of moist sedge-prostrate shrub tundra at plot Jago-B, coastal plain of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, August 4-5, 2005.
Before After Before After COVER TYPE MOSSES & LIVERWORTS Shrubs 20 29 Aulacomnium palustre 12 13 Sedges and Grasses 34 36 Aulacomnium turgidum 9 13 Forbs 3 5 Hylocomium splendens 23 17 Mosses and Liverworts 62 77 Tomenthypnum nitens 7 17 Lichens 4 3 Dicranales 6 3 Litter 13 8 Polytrichum strictum 1 2 Standing Dead Graminoid 45 40 Ptilidium ciliare 2 1 Bare Ground 0 0 Unknown leafy liverworts 1 3 Unknown mosses 1 7 SHRUBS Sphagnum spp. 0 1 Salix reticulata 5 12 S. phlebophylla 2 2 LICHENS S. pulchra 9 8 Peltigera aphthosa 3 2 Vaccinium vitis-idaea 2 1 Cladonia spp. 1 1 Dryas integrifolia 2 6 SEDGES & GRASSES Carex bigelowii 11 13 Eriophorum vaginatum 22 22 Arctagrostis latifolia 1 0 Luzula arctica ssp. latifolia 0 1 FORBS Polygonum bistorta 3 3 Senecio atropurpureus 0 1 Stellaria longipes 0 1 Percent cover based on point sampling of 100 points in a 1 m2 quadrat, sighting on double cross-hairs in point frame, recording all species at each point.
Sampled once, heavily watered twice, and resampled the next day. Weather had been dry for at least a few days.Conclude:
Mosses and SARE increased. Only TONI and SAKE had large increases. Maybe also AUTU and DRIN. HYSP seems to have decreased.
More hits of`'unknown moss' on second sample, because we spent less time trying to ID tiny scraps of moss to species. That might explain decrease in HYSP.
I do believe that TONI and AUTU swell up and spread out their leaflets when moist, thereby increasing cover. Most mosses and leafy liverworts probably do, except HYSP, whose leaflets are always appressed to stem.
Need to redo this experiment so that the observers don't know which quadrat was watered and which wasn't. We knew and might have been influenced by that. - Species checklist #5
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Table 1. Plant community composition of moist shrub tussock tundra at Jago-A, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1996, and 2000. Each numeral shows plant cover (%).
Year 96 00 05 96 00 05 Month 7 7 8 7 7 8 Day 13 22 5 13 22 5 COVER TYPE MOSSES & LIVERWORTS Shrubs 46 51 44 Hylocomium splendens 18 19 22 Sedges and Grasses 25 47 31 Aulacomnium spp. 10 8 9 Forbs 6 6 2 Dicranales 9 6 8 Mosses and Liverworts 49 44 56 Tomenthypnum nitens 6 4 5 Lichens 13 8 6 Sphagnum spp. 4 6 6 Litter 27 28 11 Polytrichum strictum 1 1 2 Standing Dead Graminoid 36 33 52 Ptilidium ciliate 1 < 1 1 Bare Ground 0 < 1 0 Rhytidium rugosum < 1 < 1 0 Unknown leafy liverwort < 1 0 0 SHRUBS Unknown moss spp. < 1 < 1 5 Betula nana 12 16 10 Ledum decumbens 10 8 10 LICHENS Vaccinium vitis-idaea 10 11 8 Peltigera spp. 9 6 4 Cassiope tetragona 7 6 5 Cetraria cucullata 1 0 < 1 Salix pulchra 6 9 9 Cladonia spp. 1 < 1 < 1 Arctostaphylos alpina < 1 < 1 1 Crustose lichen 1 1 < 1 Salix phlebophylla < 1 < 1 < 1 Cetraria islandica < 1 0 0 Salix reticulata < 1 1 1 Cetraria nivalis < 1 0 0 Dryas integrifolia 0 < 1 0 Dactylina arctica < 1 1 < 1 Sphaerophorus globosus < 1 0 < 1 SEDGES & GRASSES Cladina rangiferinaCladina 0 < 1 < 1 Eriophorum vaginatum 20 40 26 Cetraria laevigata 0 < 1 0 Carex bigelowii 5 6 4 Arctagrostis latifolia 1 1 < 1 FORBS Polygonum bistorta 3 1 1 Pyrola grandiflora 2 2 1 Pedicularis capitata 1 < 1 < 1 Polygonum viviparum < 1 1 0 Senecio atropurpureus < 1 1 1 Senecio spp. < 1 0 0 Stellaria longipes < 1 < 1 0 Pyrola secunda 0 1 < 1 Saussurea angustifolia 0 < 1 < 1 Mlean percent cover based on point sampling in 10 permanent 1 m2 quadrats with 100 points each.
Additional plants in quadrats but not recorded in point sampling included Thamnolia sp., Luzula arctica ssp. latifolia, Cardamine hyperborea, Saxifraga punctata; Philonotis fontana, Cetraria cucullata.
Table 2. Plant community composition of moist sedge-prostrate shrub tundra at Jago-B, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1996, 2000, and 2005.
Year 96 00 05 96 00 05 Month 7 7 8 7 7 8 Day 12 20 5 12 20 5 COVER TYPE MOSSES & LIVERWORTS Shrubs 37 44 41 Aulacomnium spp. 18 13 12 Sedges and Grasses 23 45 26 Hylocomium splendens 15 19 20 Forbs 9 15 6 Tomenthypnum nitens 12 5 8 Mosses and Liverworts 60 52 53 Dicranales 7 6 5 Lichens 6 5 5 Polytrichum strictum 5 6 4 Litter 38 40 23 Ptilidium ciliare 1 1 < 1 Standing Dead Graminoid 21 24 32 Rhytidium rugosum 1 < 1 < 1 Bare Ground < 1 < 1 0 Hypnum & Drepanocladus spp. < 1 0 < 1 Mnium spp.< 1 0 0 SHRUBS Racomitrium lanuginosum < 1 0 0 Salix reticulata 6 8 7 Abietinella abietina < 1 0 0 S. phlebophylla & rotundifolia 6 8 5 Unknown leafy liverworts < 1 1 1 S. pulchra 5 6 6 Unknown mosses < 1 < 1 3 Vaccinium vitis-idaea 5 6 7 Sphagnum spp. 0 < 1 0 Salix glauca 5 4 4 Cassiope tetragona 4 4 4 LICHENS Dryas integrifolia 4 4 3 Peltigera aphthosa 2 2 2 Betula nana 2 3 3 Peltigera spp. 2 1 1 Arctostaphylos alpina 1 < 1 1 Cladonia spp. 1 < 1 1 Vaccinium uliginosum < 1 1 1 Crustose lichens 1 1 1 Cetraria cucullata < 1 < 1 0 SEDGES & GRASSES Cetraria laevigata < 1 0 0 Carex bigelowii 14 19 14 Dactylina arctica < 1 < 1 0 Eriophorum vaginatum 7 23 10 Thamnolia sp. < 1 < 1 < 1 Arctagrostis latifolia 2 3 1 Cetraria islandica 0 < 1 < 1 Luzula arctica ssp. latifolia < 1 1 2 Parmelia omphalodes 0 < 1 < 1 Unknown Sedges < 1 0 < 1 Hypogymnia sp. 0 0 < 1 FORBS Polygonum bistorta 4 5 3 Minuartia arctica 1 < 1 < 1 Pedicularis capitata 1 1 < 1 Pyrola grandiflora 1 2 2 Saussurea angustifolia 1 < 1 < 1 Senecio atropurpureus 1 2 1 Stellaria longipes < 1 < 1 < 1 Saxifraga punctata < 1 1 < 1 Polygonum viviparum 0 2 < 1 Cardamine hyperborea 0 < 1 0 Mustard spp. 0 < 1 0 Pedicularis labradorica 0 < 1 < 1 Valeriana capitata 0 < 1 0 Mean percent cover based on point sampling in 10 permanent 1m quadrats with 100 points each.
Additional plants in quadrats but not recorded in point sampling included Hierochloe alpina, Poa sp., Saxifraga punctata, Philonotis fontana, and mushroom. - References
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- moss specimens collected at Poker Flat, Alaska (アラスカ ポーカーフラット コケ標本)
- Engler's syllabus (エングラー体系)
- Field equipment for tundra survey (アラスカツンドラ調査装備リスト)
- Herbarium checklist (標本整理簿)
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