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(First upload on November 30 2010. Last on April 23 2024) [ 日本語 | English ]

Ilex L. (モチノキ) Ilex crenata Thunb. Inutsuge (イヌツゲ), Japanese holly, s.l. Life form: evergreen short tree Distribution: south to Honshu Seed dispersal: animal (bird) Synonyms: Ilex crenata Thunb. f. microphylla Rehder var. fukasawana Makino (ツクシイヌツゲ): large leaf and crista on branch, distributed in Kyushu, Shikoku, Izu Islands and China var. hachijoensis Nakai (ハチジョウイヌツゲ) var. latifolia Goldr. (オオバイヌツゲ) var. radicans (Nakai ex H. Hara) Murai Hai-inutsuge (ハイイヌツゲ, 這犬黄楊) Life form: shrub < 2 m high

Distribution: Sakhalin - Japan (snowy regions in northern Honshu and Hokkaido) - Kuril Habitat: mesic sites, such as peatlands Synonyms: Ilex crenata auct. non Thunb. - var. caespitosa Nakai, discarded - var. paludosa (Nakai) H. Hara, discarded f. bullata Rehder (マメイヌツゲ) f. fastigiata (Makino) H. Hara (ハハキイヌツゲ) f. longifolia (Goldring) Rehder (ホソバイヌツゲ) f. longipedunculata S. Y. Hu (ナガエイヌツゲ) f. luteovariegata (Regel) Rehder (フイリイヌツゲ) f. microphylla Rehder (コバノイヌツゲ) f. nummularia (Franch. et Sav.) H. Hara (キッコウツゲ) f. pendula (Koidz.) H. Hara (シダレイヌツゲ)

f. tricocca (Makino) H. Hara (マンキチイヌツゲ) f. watanabeana Makino (キミイヌツゲ)

Ilex crenata in Japan

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1 2 3
4 5
[1] at Inokashira Park, Mitaka, Tokyo, on January 15 2015. [2/3] in the hometown forest of Haramachida, Tokyo, on December 10 2017. [4/5] near Kintaro Rock between Togendai and Ubako, Hakone, central Honshu, on August 21 2021.

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var. radicans (ハイイヌツゲ)

1 2 3
4 5 6
[1-3] in a post-mined peatland on Sarobetsu mire, northern Hokkaido, on October 13 2010. [4/5] on Mount Okobachi (於古発山), where the Otaru-Yoichi wind farm was planned, observed on June 15 2023. [6] along a walkboard in a post-mined peatland, Sarobetsu mire, northern Hokkaido, on April 18 2024.

Utasai wetland (歌才湿原) in southern Hokkaido

1 2
[1] on April 20 2023. [2] snow on April 12 2024.

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f. bullata (マメイヌツゲ)

Mameinutsuge (マメイヌツゲ/マメツゲ/タマツゲ, 豆犬柘植)

Leaf: curled margin Use: park tree, garden tree, hedge and bonsai

1 2 3
[1-3] in Tomakomai Sun Garden glasshouse on January 10 2022.