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(Upload on April 8 2017) [ 日本語 | English ]

Ilex L. (モチノキ) Seiyouhiiragi (セイヨウヒイラギ, 西洋柊), common holly, English holly, European holly, or Christmas holly Life form: evergreen short tree Distribution: West Asia - Europe Habitat: pioneer establishing various habitats, represented by forest gaps and post-cliearcuts Leaf: dimorphic, alternate ↔ Osmanthus heterophyllus: opposite

Fruit (berry): red ↔ O. heterophyllus: black containing alkaloids, caffeine and theobromine Seed dispersal: animal Use: gardening, Christmas tree → many cultivars

Ilex aquifolium in Japan

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[1-3] in the Koishikawa Botanical Garden (小石川植物園), the University of Tokyo, on March 16 2017.