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(First upload on November 30 2010. Last on August 12 2025) [ 日本語 | English ]

Ilex crenata Thunb.






Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily

Ilex L. (モチノキ)
Ilex crenata Thunb.
Inutsuge (イヌツゲ), Japanese holly, s.l.
Life form: dioecious, evergreen short tree, with 2-5 m in height
Distribution: south to Honshu
Habitat: sunny grasslands and forest edges
Seed dispersal: animal (bird)
Synonyms:

Ilex crenata Thunb. f. microphylla Rehder

var. fukasawana Makino (ツクシイヌツゲ): large leaf and crista on branch, distributed in Kyushu, Shikoku, Izu Islands and China
var. hachijoensis Nakai (ハチジョウイヌツゲ)
var. latifolia Goldr. (オオバイヌツゲ)
var. radicans (Nakai ex H. Hara) Murai
Hai-inutsuge (ハイイヌツゲ, 這犬黄楊)/(ヤチイヌツゲ)
Lifeform: dwarf-formed shrub < (1.5-)2 m high
Distribution: Sakhalin - Japan (snowy regions in northern Honshu and Hokkaido) - Kuril
Habitat: mesic sites, such as peatlands
Synonyms:

Ilex crenata auct. non Thunb.
- var. caespitosa Nakai, discarded
- var. paludosa (Nakai) H. Hara (Satake et al. 1989)

f. bullata Rehder (マメイヌツゲ)
f. fastigiata (Makino) H. Hara (ハハキイヌツゲ/ホウキイヌツゲ)

slim and erect stem form

f. longifolia (Goldring) Rehder (ホソバイヌツゲ)
f. longipedunculata S. Y. Hu (ナガエイヌツゲ)
f. luteovariegata (Regel) Rehder (フイリイヌツゲ)
f. microphylla Rehder (コバノイヌツゲ)
f. nummularia (Franch. et Sav.) H. Hara (キッコウツゲ)
f. pendula (Koidz.) H. Hara (シダレイヌツゲ)
f. tricocca (Makino) H. Hara (マンキチイヌツゲ)
f. watanabeana Makino (キミイヌツゲ)
索引

Ilex crenata in Japan


ST1 ST2 ST3
ST4 ST5 ST6
[1] at Inokashira Park, Mitaka, Tokyo, on January 15 2015. [2/3] in the hometown forest of Haramachida, Tokyo, on December 10 2017. [4/5] near Kintaro Rock between Togendai and Ubako, Hakone, central Honshu, on August 21 2021. [6] in a wildflower sanctuary managed by Minami-Aso Visitor Center, central Kyusyu, on December 17 2024.


var. radicans (ハイイヌツゲ)

ST1 ST2 ST3
ST4 ST5 ST6
[1] along a walkboard in Shinsen Bog, Niseko, western Hokkaido, on June 18 2025. [2/3] in a post-mined peatland on Sarobetsu mire, northern Hokkaido, on October 13 2010. [4/5] on Mount Okobachi (於古発山), where the Otaru-Yoichi wind farm was planned, observed on June 15 2023. [6] along a walkboard in a post-mined peatland, Sarobetsu mire, northern Hokkaido, on April 18 2024.

Utasai wetland (歌才湿原) in southern Hokkaido

ST1 ST2
[1] on April 20 2023. [2] snow on April 12 2024.


f. bullata (マメイヌツゲ)

Mameinutsuge (マメイヌツゲ/マメツゲ/タマツゲ, 豆犬柘植) Leaf: curled margin
Use: park tree, garden tree, hedge and bonsai

ST1 ST2 ST3
[1-3] in Tomakomai Sun Garden glasshouse on January 10 2022.


cv. sky pencil (fastigiata group ハハキイヌツゲ群)

ST1 ST2 ST3
[1-3] between JR Hamamatsucho Station and JR Shinbashi Station along a road in Tokyo on April 6 2025.

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