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(First upload on December 18 2019. Last on January 25 2024) [ 日本語 | English ]

Some of them have been escaped Verbena L. (クマツヅラ) for gardening V. bonariensis (ヤナギハナガサ) V. brasiliensis Vell. (アレチハナガサ) V. rigida (シュッコンバーベナ) V. × hybrida (ビジョザクラ)

Verbena bonariensis L. in Hokkaido

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Yanagihanagasa (ヤナギハナガサ, 柳花笠), purpletop vervain, clustertop vervain, Argentinian vervain, tall verbena, or pretty verbena Lifeform: prennial forb, treated as annual for gardening

Distribution: tropical South America Habitat: road sides, waste lands, etc. Use: gardening

ssp. bonariensis L. ssp. conglomerata Briq.

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[1-3] along a paved road in N18W5, North Ward, Sapporo, on October 6 2020. [4-6] besides the accomodation for researchers in Kuromatsunai Town, southern Hokkaido, on October 12 2023.

Verbena rigida Spreng. in Hokkaido

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Syukkonba-a-bena (シュッコンバーベナ, 宿根バーベナ), slender vervain or tuberous vervain ベルベーヌ Lifeform: perennial forb ≈ 60 cm tall

Distribution: Brazil - Argentina → cold-intolerant Leaf: stalkless, toothed Use: gardening → many cultivars

Synonyms: Verbena venosa Gillies et Hook. Verbena scaberrima Cham.

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[1/2] in a large garden store, Sapporo, on November in November 4 2017.

Verbena × hybrida Voss ex Groenland et Rümpler in Hokkaido

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Bijozakura (ビジョザクラ, 美女桜), vervain or (garden) verbena all-inclusive term for gardening cultivars

Lifeform: perennial forb Use: groundcover Hybrid: from G. canadensis, G. phlongiflora, G. peruviana and many others.

Synonyms: Glandularia × hybrida (Voss ex Groenland et Rümpler) G. L. Nesom et Pruski, used when established

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[1-3] cv Estrella Pink Star under a street tree in N22/E2, East Ward, Sapporo, on August 28 2019. [4-6] in a pot left in front of a house in N26/E2 on May 15 2020. [6-9] within a small flower bed along a pedestrian road beside Fuji Woman's University, Sapporo, on June 6 2022. [10/11] in the Wakaba Park, N16/W4, North Ward, Sapporo, on November 17 2022.