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Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily
HOME > Lecture catalog / Research summary > Glossary > Zoology > Invertebrates
Invertebrate (無脊椎動物)The taxon is not establishedPhylumProtozoan (原生動物)Porifera (海綿動物) Coelenterata (腔腸動物) Ctenophora (有櫛動物) Platyhelminthes (扁形動物) Nemertinea (紐形動物) Kamptozoa (曲形動物) Aschelminthes (袋形動物) Mollusca (軟体動物) |
Annelida (環形動物) Onychophora (有爪動物) Tardigrada (緩歩動物) Pentastomida (舌形動物) Arthropoda (節足動物) Sipunculoidea (星口動物) Tentaculata (触手動物) Chaetognatha (毛顎動物) Pogonophora (有鬚動物) Hemichodata (半索動物) Echinodermata (棘皮動物) |
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≈ mobile unicellular organisms (non-taxonomical group), including unicellular diatoms, fungi, etc.Class Flagellata = Mastigophora (鞭毛虫)Ex. euglenaSublass Phytomastigophora (植物性鞭毛虫)Order ChrysomonadidaOrder Heterochlorida Order Cryptomonadida Order Dinoflagellida (渦鞭毛虫) Order Phytomonadida (植物性モナス) Order Euglenida (ミドリムシ/ユーグレナ) Order chloromonadida (緑色モナス) Sublass Zoomastigophora (動物性鞭毛虫)Order Rhizomastigida (根鞭毛虫)Order Protomastigida (原鞭毛虫) Proterospongia (= Protospongia, sea-sponge-like Trypanosoma (トリパノソーマ)
T. cruzi: chagas disease (= American trypanosomiasis) in S America one host = act as non-pathgen vs more than one host = pathgen Ex. T. cruzi: Triatoma rubrofasciata (Hemiptera), first host → anthropozoonosis (via hematophagia), second host 1964 Camargo EP: three symbiotic microbes in the cells of TrypanosomaCrithidia deanei, C. oncopelti, Blastocrithidia culicis = non-pathogen like prokaryotic cells, one microb living in one host cell arginine, citrulline: not required for the in-vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma when the symbionts are present = depending on OCT (ornithine carbamyltransferase) EM observation → OCT produced by the symbiotic microbes Leishmania, protozoa of kala-azar (black fever)Order Folymastigida (多鞭毛虫) Order Trichomonadida (トリコモナス) Order Hypermastigida (超鞭毛虫) Order Opalinida (オパリナ) Class Sarcodina (肉質虫)Ex. ameba (or amoeba)Subclass Rhizopoda (根足虫)Order ProteomyxidaOrder Mycetozoida (動菌), often included into Plant Kingdom Order Amoebida (アメーバ) Amoebidae Ehrenberg 1838 |
Amoeba Bory de Saint-Vincent 1822
A. proteus Pal. (オオアメーバ), syn. Chaos diffluens (O.F. Müller 1786) Schaeffer 1926 Order Testacida (有殻アメーバ) Order Foraminiferida (有孔虫), often separated to Class Foraminifer Subclass Actinopoda (放射仮足)Order Helioflagellata = Mastigophora (太陽鞭毛虫)Order Heliozoida (太陽虫) Order Radiolaria (放散虫) Class Foraminifer (有孔虫) (= Division Foraminifera)1987 Loeblich. 1992 Tappan: Class Foraminifera2005 Bass et al. 2006 Burki & Pawlowski: included into Rhizaria = Foraminifer + Cercozoa (アメーバ鞭毛虫) + Radiolaria (放散虫) 250000 species (fossil + present)Use: facies fossil (示相化石) and index fossil (示準化石) in paleobotany Order Rotaliida: hyaline Calcarinidae: spines Nummulitidae: flat Amphisteginidae: biconvex-lens-shaped Order Miliolida: porcelaneous Peneroplidae: flat Soritidae Subfam Archaiasinae: flat Subfam Soritinae: disk Alveolinidae: spindle-shaped († fossil record) Class Sporozoa (胞子虫)Ex. malaria plasmodiumClass Ciliata (繊毛虫)Ex. paramecium, tetrahymena |
Subclass Hexacorallia (六放サンゴ)Order Actiniaria (イソギンチャク)sea anemone |
Order Rhabditida (ラブディティス) Ascarididae (回虫) Parascaris ウマノカイチュウ: P. equorum (Goeze 1782) Yorke et Maplestone 1926, 2n = 2 → observe chromosome diminution firstly (Boveri 1887) |
= annelida + pararthropoda + euarthropoda |
Class Polychaeta (多毛)
Subclass CanalipalpataOrder Sabellida (ケヤリムシ)= formerly phyla Pogonophora + Vestimentifera (∴ syn. Pogonophora and Vestimentifera)Oweniidae Sabellariida Sabellidae Serpulidae Siboglinidae シボグリヌム Osedax Frenulata group Sclerolinum Vestimentifera group Alaysia, Arcovesia, Escarpia, Lamellibrachia (ハオリムシ, tube worm), Oasisia, Ridgeia, Riftia, Tevnia |
Class Oligochaeta (貧毛)earthworm and othersOrder Naidomorphaa group of aquatic worms nearly coextensive with ArchioligochaetaOrder Lumbricomorphaapproximately equal to NeoligochaetaClass Hirudinea (ヒル)leechesClass Echiuroidea (ユムシ) |
Subphylum Triopoda
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Class Chilopoda (centipedes, 唇脚綱)Order Scutigeromorpha (ゲジ)Order Lithobiomorpha (イシムカデ)Order Craterostigmomorpha (ナガズイシムカデ)Order Scolopendromorpha (オオムカデ)Order Geophilomorpha (ジムカデ)Class Diplopoda (millipedes, 倍脚綱)Class Pauropoda (少脚綱)Class Symphyla (結合綱)Subphylum CrustaceaClass Branchiopoda (brine shrimps)Class Remipedia (bind crustaceans)Class Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimps)Class Maxillopoda (barnacles)Class Ostracoda (seed shrimps)Class Malacostraca (robsters, crabs and shrimps, 軟甲)*: extinctSubclass Phyllocarida Packard 1879 (コノハエビ)Order Archaeostraca Claus 1888*Order Hoplostraca Schram 1973*Order Leptostraca Claus 1880 (薄甲)Subclass Hoplocarida Calman 1904 (棘蝦)Order Aeschronectida Schram 1969*Order Archaeostomatopoda Schram 1969*Order Stomatopoda Latreille 1817Subclass Eumalacostraca Grobben 1892 (真軟甲)Superorder Syncarida Packard 1885 (ムカシエビ)Order Palaeocaridacea Brooks 1979*Order Bathynellacea Chappuis 1915 (ムカシエビ)Order Anaspidacea Calman 1904Superorder Peracarida Calman 1904 (フクロエビ)Order Spelaeogriphacea Gordon 1957Order Thermosbaenacea Monod 1927Order Lophogastrida Sars 1870Order Mysida Haworth 1825Order Mictacea Bowman et al. 1985Order Amphipoda Latreille 1816Order Isopoda Latreille, 1817 (ワラジムシ)Porcellionidae (sow bug, ワラジムシ)Porcellio scaber Latreille 1804 (ワラジムシ), south to Central Honshu Order Tanaidacea Dana 1849Order Cumacea Krøyer 1846Superorder Eucarida Calman 1904 (ホンエビ)Order Euphausiacea Dana 1852 (オキアミ), krillEuphausiidae オキアミBentheuphausiidae ソコオキアミ Order Amphionidacea Williamson 1973Order Decapoda Latreille 1802 (十脚)crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, prawns, etc.Earliest fossil: the Devonian Palaeopalaemon Palaemonidae (テナガエビ) Macrobrachium Bate 1868 (テナガエビ), freshwater prawn Palaemon Weber 1795 (スジエビ), P. paucidens De Haan 1844 (スジエビ), lake prawn Subphylum Hexapoda (六脚類)Class Insecta (insects, 昆虫)Class Entognatha (wingless insects, 内顎類) |
Revision= former phyla Pogonophora (giant tube worms) + VestimentiferaClassical classification (内田 1965) Class Pogonophora (有髭)Order Athecanephria (無鞘腎)Oligobrachia, SiboglinumOrder Thecanephria (有鞘腎)Heptabrachia, Lamellisabella, Spirobrachia |
Class Crinoidea
Crinoid
Subclass ArticulataOrder BourgueticrinidaOrder ComatulidaOrder CyrtocrinidaOrder HyocrinidaOrder IsocrinidaOrder Millericrinida |
ExtinctionSubclass FlexibiliaSubclass Camerata Subclass Disparida |