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Species checklist on Washington State






Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily

[Characteristics, Forest zones of the Cascades, Wetalnd vegetation in Washington, TRI code

Species list


Table. Code, scientific name, common name and general indicator value of important species in Washington.
Code. Scientific name (Common name): Indicator value
ABAM Abies amabilis (Pacific silver fir): cool
ABGR Abies grandis (grand fir): warm, dry
ABLA2 Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir): very cold
ABPR Abies procera (noble fir): cool
ACCI Acer circinatum (vine-maple): moist, warm
ACGL Acer glabrum (Rocky Mt. vine-maple): moist, cool
ACMA Acer macrophyllum (big-leaf maple): warm, wet
ACMI Achillea millefolium (western yarrow): dry
ACTR Achlys triphylla (vanilla leaf): widespread, mesic
ACRU Actaea rubra (baneberry): moist
ADBI Adenocaulon bicolor (trail plant): warm, mesic-dry
ADPE Adiantum pedatum (maidenhair fern): wet, warm
AGSP Agropyron spicatum (bluebunch wheatgrass): arid
ALCR Allium crenulatum (Olympic onion): talus
ALRU Alnus rubra (red alder): moist
ALSI Alnus sinuata (mountain alder): avalanche chutes
AMAL Amelanchier alnifolia (service berry): hot, dry
ANDE Anemone deltoidea (three-leaved anemone): widespread
ANLY Anemone lyallii (nine-leaved anemone): moist
ANLA Antennaria lanata (wooly everlasting): dry, high
ARCA Aralia californica (California aralia): moist
AQFU Aquilegia formosa (Sitka columbine): moist
ARME Arbutus menziesii (madrono): hot, dry
ARNE Arctostaphylos nevadensis (pine-mat manzanita): warm, dry
ARUV Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (kinnikinik): harsh
ARCA2 Arenaria capillaris (mountain sandwort): sandy
ARMA3 Armeria macrophylla (bigleaf sandwort): dry
ARCC Arnica cordifolia (heartleaf arnica): moist
ARLA Arnica latifolia (broadleaf arnica): moist
ARTR Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush): arid
ARTR2 Artemisia tripartita (threetip sagebrush): dry
ARRI Artemisia rigida (Stiff sagebrush): shallow soil, arid
ASCA3 Asarum caudatum (wild ginger): moist
ASAP Aster apigenus (alpine aster): high
ASLE Aster ledophyllus (Cascades aster): dry
ATFI Athyrium filix-femina (ladyfern): wet, warm
BASA Balsamorhiza saggitata (arrowleaf balsamroot): semi-arid
BEAQ Berberis aquifolium (tall Oregon grape): widespread
BENE Berberis nervosa (Oregon grape): widespread
BLSP Blechnum spicant (deer fern): wet
BRTE Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass): weed, arid land
CABU Calypso bulbosa (calypso orchid): acid
CAQU Camassia quamash (camas): meadows
CASC Campanula scouleri (scouler's bluebell)
CAAQ Carex aquatilus (water sege): wet
CANI Carex nigricans (black alpine sedge): late-snow melt
CAOB Carex obnupta (slough sedge)
CASP Carex spectabilis (showy sedge)
CAME Cassiope mertensiana (white heather): acid
CAPA Castilleja parviflora (smallflower paintsrush): meadows
CEVE Ceanothus velutinus (snowbush ceanothus): pioneer
CHNO Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Alaska yellow cedar): high-elevation
CHME Chimaphila menziesii (little prince's pine): acid
CHUM Chimaphila umbellata (prince's pine): acid
CHNA Chrysothamnus nauseosus (rubber rabbitbrush): sagebrush
CIAL Circaea alpina (alpine circaea): wet, high
CIAR Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle)
CLUN Clintonia uniflora (Queencup beadlily): cool, mesic
COLA Coptis laciniata (cutleaf goldthread)
COMA Corallorhiza maculata (coralroot): saprophyte
COCA Cornus canadensis (bunchberry dogwood): cool, mesic
CONU Cornus nuttallii (Pacific dogwood): warm, dry
COST Cornus stolonifera (red-osier dogwood): swamp
COCO2 Corylus cornuta var. californica (California hazel): warm, dry
DIFO Dicentra formosa (bleeding heart): moist
DIHO Disporum hookeri (fairybells): mesic
DISP Distichlis spicata (coastal salt grass): saline
DIST Distichlis stricta (salt grass): saline
DOJE Dodecatheon pulchellum (shootingstar): moist
DRAU2 Dryopteris austriaca (mountain woodfern): moist
ELCI Elymus cinereus (giant wildrye): desert
EMNI Empetrum nigrum (black crowberry): high, acid
EPAN Epilobium angustifolium (fireweed): clearcuts
EQAR Equisetum arvense (common horsetail): weed
EQTE Equisetum telmateia (giant horsetail): moist
ERAU Erigeron aureus (golden fleabane): alpine
ERIOG Eriogonum spp. (buckwheats)
ERIOP Eriophorum spp. (cotton grass): wet meadow
FEID Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue): steppe
FEVI Festuca viridula (green fescue): subalpine
FRAGA Fragaria spp. (strawberry): dry
GAOR Galium oreganum (Oregon bedstraw)
GATR Galium triflorum (sweetscented bedstraw): mesic
GAOV Gaultheria ovatifolia (wintergreen): acid
GASH Gaultheria shallon (salal): warm, dry, acid
GOOB Goodyera oblongifolia (rattlesnake plantain): acid
GYDR Gymnocarpium dryopteris (oak fern): wet
HELA Heracleum lanatum (common cowparsnip): moist
HIAL Hieracium albiflorum (white hawkweed): warm, dry
HODI Holodiscus discolor (creambush oceanspray): hot, dry
HYMO Hypopitys monotropa (pinesap): cool
HYTE Hydrophyllum tenuipes (Pacific waterleaf): wet
IRTE Iris tenax (Oregon iris): warm
JUCO4 Juniperus communis (common juniper): harsh
KOCR Koeleria cristata (prairie junegrass): sandy
LAMU Lactuca muralis (wall lettuce): warm, moist
LALY Larix lyallii (subalpine larch): alpine, moist
LAOC Larix occidentalis (western larch): fire
LAPO Lathyrus polyphyllus (leafy peavine): warm, dry
LEGR Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador tea): acid swamp
LIBO Linnaea borealis (twinflower): widespread, mesic
LIBO2 Listera borealis (twayblade): acid
索引
LOMA Lomatium martindalei (few-flowered lomatium): dry
LUPE Luetkea pectinata (luetkea): subalpine
LULA Lupinus latifolius (broadleaf lupine): moist
LULE Lupinus lepidus (Lyall's lupine): subalpine
LYAM Lysichitum americanum (skunkcabbage): wet
MADI2 Maianthemum dilatatum (false lily-of-the-valley): moist
MEFE Menziesia ferruginea (rusty leaf): cool
MILE Mimulus lewisii (Lewis monkeyflower): wet
MIBR Mitella brewerii (Brewer mitrewort): moist, wet
MOSI Montia siberica (western springbeauty): moist
OECE Oemleria cerasiformis (Indian plum): warm
OPHO Oplopanax horridum (devil's club): wet
ORHY Orysopsis hymenoides (Indian ricegrass): sandy
OSCH Osmorhiza chilensis (sweet cicely): (mountain) mesic
OXOR Oxalis oregana (Oregonn oxalis): moist, warm
PAMY Pachistima myrsinites (Oregon boxwood): widespread
PERA Pedicularis racemosa (sickletop pedicularis)
PEDIC Pedicularis spp. (louseworts): moist
PHAR Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass): marsh
PHDI Phlox diffusa (spreading phlox): dry, subalpine
PHEM Phyllodoce empetriformis (red heather): acid, subalpine
PHGL Phyllodoce glanduliflora (yellow heather): high, moist
PIEN Picea engemannii (Engelman spruce): montane
PISI Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce): coastal
PIAL Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine): high elevations, dry
PICO Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine): cold, dry
PIMO Pinus monticola (western white pine): cool
PIPO Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine): dry
POA Poa spp. (bluegrass)
POCU Poa cusickii (Cusick bluegrass): subalpine
POSA Poa sandbergii (Sandberg's bluegrass): sagebrush
POBI Polygonum bistortoies (American bistort): meadows
POMU Polystichum munitum (sward fern): mesic, widespread
POTR2 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood): moist (or cold)
POFR Potentilla fruiticosa (shrubby cinquefoil): widespread
POGR Potentilla gracilis (beauty cinquefoil)
PSME Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir): widespread
PTAQ Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern): disturbance
PUTR Purshia tridentata (bitterbush): cool, acid
PYAS Pyrola assarifolia (alpine pyrola)
PYPI Pyrola picta (whitevein pyrola)
PYSE Pyrola secunda (sidebells pyrola): cool to cold
PYROL Pyrola spp. (pyrolas)
QUGA Quercus garryana (Oregon white oak): hot, dry, prairie
RHAL Rhododendron albiflorum (bigleaf rhododendron): cold, wet
RHMA Rhododendron macrophyllum (Pacific rhododendron): dry, coastal
RHDI Rhus diversiloba (poison oak): warm, dry
RILA Ribes lacustre (prickly currant): moist
ROGY Rosa gymnocarpa (little baldhip rose): mesic, dry
RONU Rosa nuktata (Nootka rose)
ROWO Rosa woodsii (Wood's rose)
RULA Rubus lasiococcus (dwarf blackberry)
RULE Rubus leucodermis (whitebark blackberry): weedy
RUNI Rubus nevalis (snow dewberry)
RUPA Rubus parviflorus (thimble berry): dry, open
RUPE Rubus pedatus (five leaf bramble): cool forests
RUSP Rubus spectabilis (salmonberry): moist
RUUR Rubus ursinus (trailing blackberry): mesic
SAVI Salicornia virginica (coastal pickleweed): saline
SARA Sambucus racemosa (red elderberry): moist
SAVE Sarcobatus vermiculatus (black greasewood): alkaline
SAAM Saussurea americana (saussurea): subalpine
SAME Saxifraga mertensiana (Mertens saxifrage): moist
SATD Saxifraga tolmiei (Tolmie saxifrage): subalpine
SIAC Silene acaulis (moss campion): subalpine
SMRA Smilacina racemosa (false Solomon's seal): mesic, warm
SMST Smilacina stellata (star-flowered Solomon's seal): mesic
SOSP Solidago spathulata (coast goldenrod)
SOSI Sorbus sitchensis (Sitka mountain ash): cool
SPBE Spiraea betulifolia (shineyleaf spirea): dry
SPDO Spiraea douglasii (hard hack): swamps
STCO2 Stachys cooleyi (betony): wet
STRO Sterptopus amplexicaulis (purple twistedstalk)
STCO Stipa comata (needle and thread): dry
SYAL Symphoricarpos albus (common snowberry): widespread
SYMO Symphoricarpos mollis (trailing snowberry): warm
TABR Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew): warm, +/- dry
THPL Thuja plicata (western red cedar): widespread
TITR Tiarella trifoliata (foam flower): moist
TOME Tolmiea menziesii (piggy-back plant): warm, moist
TORTU Tortula spp. (tortulas)
TRLA2 Trientalis latifolia (starflower): mesic
TROV Trillium ovatum (white trillium)
TSHE Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock): widespread
TSME Tsuga mertensiana (mountain hemlock): cold
VAAL Vaccinium alaskense (Alaska huckleberry): cool, moist
VAME Vaccinium membranaceus (big huckleberry): cool
VAOV Vaccinium ovalifolium (oval-leaf huckleberry): cool, moist
VAOV2 Vaccinium ovatum (evergreen huckleberry): drier forests
VAPA Vaccinium parvifolium (red huckleberry): widespread
VASC Vaccinium scoparium (grouse huckleberry): cool, dry
VASI Valeriana sitchensis (Sitka valerian): moist
VAHE Vancouveria hexandra (inside-out flower): moist, mesic
VEVI Veratrum viride (American false hellebore): moist
VICIA Vicia spp. (vetch): dry, warm
VIGL Viola glabella (wood violet): moist
VISE Viola sempervirens (redwoods violet): mesic
XETE Xerophyllum tenax (common beargrass): cool, dry

Ecological properties of common species in Washington


Ecological properties (Summary)

Tolerance ranges for moisture, shade conditions and successional status are estimates for the normal range of the species.
Moisture: D=dry; M=mesic; F=Fresh; H=wet to hydric
Elevation: L=lowland (< 2000 ft west of Cascades, 3000 ft east of Cascades); M=mid-elevations, montane; H=subalpine to alpine)
Shade Tolerance: H=high, grows well in shade (tolerant); M=moderate, grows well in partial shade, open forests; L=low, grows best in full sunlight (intolerant)
Successional status: P=able to pioneer newly available habitats; S=grows best before dominant species fully develop; C=climax, reproductive in mature vegetation
Nitrogen status (Nut): R=N-rich soils; M=N-medium soils; P=N-poor soils.
Species Moisture Elevation Shade Succession Nut Comments
XDMFH LMH HML PSC R/P
Trees
Abies amabilis xx xx xxx xx Zonal climax dominant
Abies grandis xxx xx x xx Scattered on Puget Sound
Abies lasiocarpa xxx x xx xx PPersists once established
Abies procera xx xx xx x Mid-elevation seral
Acer circinatum xxx xx xx xx R
Acer macrophyllum xx xx x xx Sprouts
Alnus rubra xxxx xx xx xx RPast fire, clearcuts
Arbutus menziesii xxx xx MSadny bluffs
Betula papyrifera xxxx xx River bottoms
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis xx xx xxxM Low elevations in cold sites
Chrysolepis chyrsophuylla xxxx x xxx Rare in Washington
Cornus nuttallii xxxx xxx Forest margins/gaps
Fraxinus latifolia xxx xxx Wet lowlands
Larix lyallii xxx xxx Timberlines
Larix occidentalis xxxx xx xxx Fire response species
Picea engemannii xxxx x xxxx Moist valleys/timber lines
Picea sitchensis xxx xxxx Zonal dominant
Pinus albicaulis xxx xxx Dry timberline
Pinus contorta var. contorta xx- - x xx Exposed sites/bogs
Pinus contorta var. latifolia xxxxx xx xxxP Fire response
Pinus monticola xxxxx x xxxx Near bogs/open slopes
Pinus ponderosa xxxx xxxM Zonal dominant
Populus tremuloides xxxx xxM Seeds/wet spots
Populus balsaminifera xxxx xxxxM Bottomlands
Prurus emarginata xxxxx xxxR Margins & gaps
Pseudotsuga menziesii xxxx x xxxx Zonal dominant
Quercus garryana xxx xxxPrairies/valleys
Taxus brevifolia xxxx x xxxx Shrub/tree
Thuja plicata xxxxx xxxM Swamps/uplands
Tsuga heterophylla xxxxx x xxx Zonal dominant
Tsuga mertensiana xxxx x xxx Zonal dominant
Shrubs
Alnus sinuata xxxx xxxM Avalanche chutes
Amelanchier alnifolia xxxx x xxM Open forests
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi xxxxx xx x xxxP Excellent ground cover
Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolia xxxx xxxxM Ornamental
Berberis nervosa xxxx x xxxxM Sub-dominant
Berberis repens xxxx xxxxx East Cascades
Cassiope mertensiana xxxx xxxP Acid soils/dominant
Ceanothus velutinus xxxx x xxxxM N-fixer: Fire response
Chimaphila umbellata xxxx x xxxP Saprophytic
Cornus stolonifera xxxx xxxR Riparian/wetlands
Corylus cornuta xxxx xxxxR Ornamental
Gaultheria shallon xxxx x xxxxxP Co-dominant
Grindelia integrifolia xxx xxP Salt tolerant; dunes
Holodiscus discolor xxxx x xxxxM Open forests
Juniperus communis xx xx x xxxxM Mat-forming
Kalmia occidentalis xxxx xxP Bogs & swamps
Ledum groenlandicum xxx xx xxxP Bogs
Linnaea borealis xxxx x xxxM Dominant understory
Lonicera ciliosa xxx xxM Vine in conifers
Lonicera involucrata xxxx x xxxxR Often riparian
Menziesia ferruginea xxxx xxxP Often in peats
Oemleria cerasiformis xxxx xxxR Deciduous forests
Oplopanax horridum xxxxx x xxxxR Seeps/springs
Pachistima myrsinites xxxx x xxxxP Co-dominant
Philadelphus lewisii xxxx x xxxM Rocky soils
Phyllodoce empetriformis xxxxx x xxxxP Acid soils/dominant
Phyllodoce glanduliflora xx x xxxM Alpine acid soils
Physocarpus capitatus xxxx xxM Forest edges/brush
Prunus emarginata xxxx x xxxM Short-lived in forest
Rhamnus purshiana xxxx xxxR Understory dominant
Rhododendron albiflorum xx x xxxP Understory dominant
Rhododendron macrophyllum xxx xxxP Dominant in NE Olympics
Rhus diversiloba xxx xxx Skin irritant
Ribes bracteosum xxxx x xxxR Drier riparian zones
Ribes lacustre xxxx x xxxR Moist woods
Ribes sanguineum xxxx x xxxM Ornamental
Rosa gymnocarpa xxx xxxM Brush/rocky sites
Rosa nuktata xxxxx x xxxxR Reclamation
Rosa woodsii xx x xxx East Cascades
Rubus parviflorus xxxxx xx xxx Montane meadows
Rubus spectabilis xxxx x xxxxR Wet forests/swamps
Salix hookeriana xxxx x xxxxM Wetlands
Salix lasiandra xxxx xxxxM Wetlands
Salix scouleriana xxxx x xxxM Facultative
Sambucus racemosa xxx xxxR Co-dominant
Sorbus sitchensis xx xx xxxxP Subalpine forests
Spiraea betulifolia xx xx xxxM Open/rocky sites
Spiraea douglasii xxxx xxxM Bogs, stream sides
Symphoricarpos albus xxxxx x xxxxR Reclamation
Vaccinium alaskense xxxx xxxxP Acid soils
Vaccinium membranaceus xx xx x xx PAcid soils
Vaccinium ovatum xxx xxxxP Drier forests
Vaccinium parvifolium xxxxx xxxxxP Often on stumps
Viburunum edule xx xxxxR
Lower plants
Adiantum pedatum xxxxx xx xxxR Often in seeps
Aspidotis densa xx xx xxxP In rocks
Athyrium filix-femina xxxx x xxxxM Often in wetlands
Blechnum spicant xxxx xx xxxP Sub-dominant/conifers
Crytogramma crispa xxxx x xxxP In rocks
Dryopteris austriaca xxxx xxM Often rotten logs
Equisetum hymenale xxxx x xxxxR Marshy sites
Equisetum telmateia xxxx xxxR
Gymnocarpium dryopteris xxxx x xxxR
Polypodium glycyrhiza xxxxx xx Usually epiphytic
Polystichum munitum xxxx x xxxxR Understory dominant
Pteridium aquilinum xxxx x xxx Disturbed/open sites
Graminoids
Agrypyron spicatum xxxx x xxxxR/P Steppe/serpentine
Agrostis diegoensis xx xx xxxxM High dry meadows
Carex aquatilus xxx x xxxxM Emergent wetlands
Carex geyeri xx xx xxxxM Dry forest understory
Carex mertensiana xx x xxxxM Dry meadows
Carex nigricans xx x xxxM Late snow melt
Carex obnupta xxx x xxxR Swamps; marshes
Carex spectabilis xx xx xxM Often dominant
Elymus cinereus xxxx xxxMildly saline sites
Eriophorum agustifolium x xx xxx High wet medows
Glyceria spp. xxx x xxxxM Forested wetlands
Poa cusickii xxxx xxxP Subalpine meadows
Poa curtifolia xx xx xxxP Serpentine endemic
Other monocotyledonae
Allium cernuum xxxx xx xxxM Widely distributed
Allium crenulatum xxxx x xxP Talus/scree
Calypso bulbosa xxxx x xxM Acid soil
Camassia quamash xxxx x xxxR Prairies; steppe
Clintonia uniflora xx xx xxxP Open dry forests
Coralorhiza spp. (Coral root) xx xx xxP Saprophytic
Disporum smithii xxXx x xxxxR Usually moist forest
Erythronium grandiflorum xxxxx xxxM Drier slopes to treeline
Erythronium montanum xx x xxxxM Subalpine meadows
Fritillaria lanceolata xxxx x xxxxP Prairies/rocks
Goodyera oblongifolia xxxxx x xxxxP Deep litter
Lilium columbianum xxxx xx xxxM Often disturbed
Listera spp. xxxxx xx xxx var. varied
Lysichitum americanum xxx xxxR Swamps/bogs
Maianthemum dilatatum xxxx x xxxxR Dominates patches
Sisyrinchium douglasii xxxx xx xxxxM Spring-wet sites
Smilacina racemosa xxxx x xxxR Mesic forests
Sterptopus amplexicaulis xxxx xx xxxxR Moist woods/streams
Trillium ovatum xxxx xxxxR Early flowering
Veratrum viride xx xx xxxR Meadows
Xerophyllum tenax xxxx xxxM Dominant understory
Zigadenus venenosus xxxx xxxM Prairies/steppes
Other dicotyledonae
Achlys triphylla xxxx x xxxR Open conifer forests
Aconitum columbianum xxx xxx Meadows/late melt
Aquilegia formosa xx xx xxxxR Seeps/high meadows
Arenaria capillaris xxxx xxxP Fellfields/meadows
Armeria macrophylla xxx xxxM Open forests
Armeria maritima xxx xxxP Bluffs and dunes
Asarum caudatum xxxx x xxxR Dense forests
Caltha leptosepala xxx xxxxR Bogs, marshes
Campanula rotundifolia xxxx xxxM Subalpine meadows
Castilleja miniata xxxxx xxxP Semi-parasitic
Cornus unalaschkensis xxxx x xxxP Can be dominant
Corydalis scouleri xxx xxxxR Moist forests
Delphinium glarosum xxxx xxxxM Drier meadows
Dicentra formosa xxxx xxxR Tends to ruderal
Dodecatheon pulchellum xxx xx xxxR Seasonally wet
Douglasia laevigata xxxx xx xxxP Coastal bluffs/subalpi e
Douglasia nivalis xxx xx xxxP Open slopes
Dryas octopetalla xxx xxP Alpine (N-fixer)
Epilobium angustifolium xxxx xx xxR Strong invader
Fragaria vesca xxxx x xxxxM Dunes
Galium triflorum xxxx x xxxxR Disturbed forests
Heracleum lanatum xxx xxxR Meadows
Lathyrus polyphyllus xxxx xxR Woods/prairies
Linnaea borealis xxxxx xx xxxMay dominate
Lomatium martindalei xxxx xxP Talus/trampled sites
Luetkea pectinata xxxxx x xxxM Snow/talus/mudflows
Lupinus latifolius xxxx xxxP Subalpine meadows
Lupinus lepidus xxxx x xxxP Subalpine/alpine sites
Lupinus polyphyllus xxxx xxM Montane meadows
Mimulus lewisii xxx xxx Stream margins
Mittella brewerii xxxx xxxR Stream margins
Montia siberica xxxx xxM Ruderal
Oxalis oregana xxx xxxM Dominant understory
Pedicularis spp. xxx xx x xxxxP Five common species
Phlox diffusa xxxx xxxFellfields
Polygonum bistortoies xxxx xxxM Moist meadows
Polygonum newberryi xxxx x xxxP
Potentilla glandulosa xx xx xxxM
Pterospora andromeda xx xx xxxxM Saprophyte
Pyrola secunda xx xx xxxxP Dominant
Rubus lasiococcus xxxx x xxxM Conifers
Rubus pedatus x x xxP
Rubus ursinus xxxx xxxM Disturbed sites
Saxifraga tolmiei xxxx xxxM Rocky sites
Sedum spp. xxxx xx x xxxP Several species
Silene acaulis xxxx x xxxP Alpine meadows
Spraugea umbellata xxxx xxxP Colonist
Tellima grandiflora xxxx xxxR Disturbed sites
Thalictrum occidentale xxxx x xxxxR Moist forests
Tiarella trifoliata xxxx x xxxR Open forests
Tolmiea menziesii xxxx xxxR Deciduous forests
Trientalis latifolia xxxx xxM Coniferous forests
Valeriana sitchensis xxx xxxR Meadows
Viola glabella xxxx xx xxxR Moist woods
Viola sempervirens xxxx x xxxxM Creeper/moist woods
Asteraceae
Achillea millefolium xxxxx xx xxxM Disturbances
Adenocaulon bicolor xxxx x xxxR Open forests/trails
Anaphalis margaritacea xxxx xx xxxP Ruderal/clearcuts
Antennaria lanata xxx x xxxP Late snow melt
Arnica apigenus x xx xxM
Aster apigenus xx xx xxxM Lush meadows
Balsamorhiza saggitata xx x xxxxForest edge/steppe
Cirsium edule xxxxx xxxP Open forests
Erigeron aureus xx x xxP Alpine meadows
Erigeron peregrinus xxxxx xxxR Subalpine meadows
Petasites frigidus xxx x xxx Ephemeral wet areas
Senecio triangularis xx xx x xx Streamsides
Solidago spathulata x x x x PCoastal dune
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