• HOME
  1. 日本語
  2. English
• Personal Info.
  1. CV
  2. For candidates
  3. Give me job!
  4. Recent(?) Photos
  5. Master/doctor theses
• Education
  1. Catalog
  2. HUSTEP
  3. Ecology
  4. Natural env. studies
  5. Environ. conserv.
  6. Field trip for Env. Res.
     
  7. Eco-campus(plants)
  8. Symbiosis in nature
  9. Beadroll
  10. Glossary(References)
• Research
  1. Abstract
  2. Volcanic succession
  3. Wildfire ecology
     
  4. Wetland conservation
  5. Skislope vegetation
  6. Mining
  7. Pub: English
  8. Pub: Japanese
• Hobby · Link
  1. Yoshida
  2. Plant taxonomy
  3. Plants
  4. Cup of tea
  5. Western Australia
  6. Link
  7. Contact

(Upload on December 3 2012) [ 日本語 | English ]

⇒ Species list, Characteristics, Forest zones of the Cascades, Wetalnd vegetation in Washington
TRI code

Species list

---

Table. Code, scientific name, common name and general indicator value of important species in Washington.

Code	Scientific name	Common name	Indicator value
ABAM	Abies amabilis	Pacific silver fir	Cool
ABGR	Abies grandis	grand fir	warm, dry
ABLA2	Abies lasiocarpa	subalpine fir	very cold
ABPR	Abies procera	noble fir	Cool
ACCI	Acer circinatum	vine-maple	moist, warm
ACGL	Acer glabrum	Rocky Mt. vine-maple	moist, cool
ACMA	Acer macrophyllum	big-leaf maple	warm, wet
ACMI	Achillea millefolium	western yarrow	dry
ACTR	Achlys triphylla	vanilla leaf	widespread, mesic
ACRU	Actaea rubra	baneberry	Moist
ADBI	Adenocaulon bicolor	trail plant	warm, mesic-dry
ADPE	Adiantum pedatum	maidenhair fern	wet, warm
AGSP	Agropyron spicatum	bluebunch wheatgrass	Arid
ALCR	Allium crenulatum	Olympic onion	Talus
ALRU	Alnus rubra	red alder	Moist
ALSI	Alnus sinuata	mountain alder	avalanche chutes
AMAL	Amelanchier alnifolia	service berry	hot, dry
ANDE	Anemone deltoidea	three-leaved anemone	widespread
ANLY	Anemone lyallii	nine-leaved anemone	moist
ANLA	Antennaria lanata	wooly everlasting	dry, high
ARCA	Aralia californica	California aralia	moist
AQFU	Aquilegia formosa	Sitka columbine	moist
ARME	Arbutus menziesii	madrono	hot, dry
ARNE	Arctostaphylos nevadensis	pine-mat manzanita	warm, dry
ARUV	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi	kinnikinik	harsh
ARCA2	Arenaria capillaris	mountain sandwort	sandy
ARMA3	Armeria macrophylla	bigleaf sandwort	dry
ARCC	Arnica cordifolia	heartleaf arnica	moist
ARLA	Arnica latifolia	broadleaf arnica	moist
ARTR	Artemisia tridentata	big sagebrush	arid
ARTR2	Artemisia tripartita	threetip sagebrush	dry
ARRI	Artemisia rigida	Stiff sagebrush	shallow soil, arid
ASCA3	Asarum caudatum	wild ginger	moist
ASAP	Aster apigenus	alpine aster	high
ASLE	Aster ledophyllus	Cascades aster	dry
ATFI	Athyrium filix-femina	ladyfern	wet, warm
BASA	Balsamorhiza saggitata	arrowleaf balsamroot	semi-arid
BEAQ	Berberis aquifolium	tall Oregon grape	widespread
BENE	Berberis nervosa	Oregon grape	widespread
BLSP	Blechnum spicant	deer fern	wet
BRTE	Bromus tectorum	cheatgrass	weed, arid land
CABU	Calypso bulbosa	calypso orchid	acid
CAQU	Camassia quamash	camas	meadows
CASC	Campanula scouleri	scouler's bluebell
CAAQ	Carex aquatilus	water sege	wet
CANI	Carex nigricans	black alpine sedge	late-snow melt
CAOB	Carex obnupta	slough sedge
CASP	Carex spectabilis	showy sedge
CAME	Cassiope mertensiana	white heather	acid
CAPA	Castilleja parviflora	smallflower paintsrush	meadows
CEVE	Ceanothus velutinus	snowbush ceanothus	pioneer
CHNO	Chamaecyparis nootkatensis	Alaska yellow cedar	high-elevation
CHME	Chimaphila menziesii	little prince's pine	acid
CHUM	Chimaphila umbellata	prince's pine	acid
CHNA	Chrysothamnus nauseosus	rubber rabbitbrush	sagebrush
CIAL	Circaea alpina	alpine circaea	wet, high
CIAR	Cirsium arvense	Canada thistle
CLUN	Clintonia uniflora	Queencup beadlily	cool, mesic
COLA	Coptis laciniata	cutleaf goldthread
COMA	Corallorhiza maculata	coralroot	saprophyte
COCA	Cornus canadensis	bunchberry dogwood	cool, mesic
CONU	Cornus nuttallii	(Pacific) dogwood	warm, dry
COST	Cornus stolonifera	red-osier dogwood	swamp
COCO2	Corylus cornuta var. californica	California hazel	warm, dry
DIFO	Dicentra formosa	bleeding heart	moist
DIHO	Disporum hookeri	fairybells	mesic
DISP	Distichlis spicata	coastal salt grass	saline
DIST	Distichlis stricta	salt grass	saline
DOJE	Dodecatheon pulchellum	shootingstar	moist
DRAU2	Dryopteris austriaca	mountain woodfern	moist
EMNI	Elymus cinereus	giant wildrye	desert
EMNI	Empetrum nigrum	black crowberry	high, acid
EPAN	Epilobium angustifolium	fireweed	clearcuts
EQAR	Equisetum arvense	common horsetail	weed
EQTE	Equisetum telmateia	giant horsetail	moist
ERAU	Erigeron aureus	golden fleabane	alpine
ERIOG	Eriogonum spp.	buckwheats
ERIOP	Eriophorum spp.	cotton grass	wet meadow
FEID	Festuca idahoensis	Idaho fescue	steppe
FEVI	Festuca viridula	green fescue	Subalpine
FRAGA	Fragaria spp.	strawberry	dry
GAOR	Galium oreganum	Oregon bedstraw
GATR	Galium triflorum	sweetscented bedstraw	mesic
GAOV	Gaultheria ovatifolia	wintergreen	acid
GASH	Gaultheria shallon	salal	warm, dry, acid
GOOB	Goodyera oblongifolia	rattlesnake plantain	acid
GYDR	Gymnocarpium dryopteris	oak fern	wet
HELA	Heracleum lanatum	common cowparsnip	moist
HIAL	Hieracium albiflorum	white hawkweed	warm, dry
HODI	Holodiscus discolor	creambush oceanspray	hot, dry
HYMO	Hypopitys monotropa	pinesap	cool
HYTE	Hydrophyllum tenuipes	Pacific waterleaf	wet
IRTE	Iris tenax	Oregon iris	warm
JUCO4	Juniperus communis	common juniper	harsh
KOCR	Koeleria cristata	prairie junegrass	sandy
LAMU	Lactuca muralis	wall lettuce	warm, moist
LALY	Larix lyallii	subalpine larch	alpine, moist
LAOC	Larix occidentalis	western larch	fire
LAPO	Lathyrus polyphyllus	leafy peavine	warm, dry
LEGR	Ledum groenlandicum	Labrador tea	acid swamp
LIBO	Linnaea borealis	twinflower	widespread, mesic
LIBO2	Listera borealis	twayblade	acid
LOMA	Lomatium martindalei	few-flowered lomatium	dry
LUPE	Luetkea pectinata	luetkea	Subalpine
LULA	Lupinus latifolius	broadleaf lupine	moist
LULE	Lupinus lepidus	Lyall's lupine	subalpine
LYAM	Lysichitum americanum	skunkcabbage	wet
MADI2	Maianthemum dilatatum	false lily-of-the-valley	moist
MEFE	Menziesia ferruginea	rusty leaf	cool
MILE	Mimulus lewisii	Lewis monkeyflower	Wet
MIBR	Mitella brewerii	Brewer mitrewort	moist, wet
MOSI	Montia siberica	western springbeauty	moist
OECE	Oemleria cerasiformis	Indian plum	warm
OPHO	Oplopanax horridum	devil's club	wet
ORHY	Orysopsis hymenoides	Indian ricegrass	sandy
OSCH	Osmorhiza chilensis	sweet cicely	(mountain) mesic
OXOR	Oxalis oregana	Oregonn oxalis	moist, warm
PAMY	Pachistima myrsinites	Oregon boxwood	Widespread
PERA	Pedicularis racemosa	sickletop pedicularis
PEDIC	Pedicularis spp.	louseworts	moist
PHAR	Phalaris arundinacea	reed canary grass	marsh
PHDI	Phlox diffusa	spreading phlox	dry, subalpine
PHEM	Phyllodoce empetriformis	red heather	acid, subalpine
PHGL	Phyllodoce glanduliflora	yellow heather	high, moist
PIEN	Picea engemannii	Engelman spruce	Montane
PISI	Picea sitchensis	Sitka spruce	coastal
PIAL	Pinus albicaulis	whitebark pine	high elevations, dry
PICO	Pinus contorta	lodgepole pine	cold, dry
PIMO	Pinus monticola	western white pine	cool
PIPO	Pinus ponderosa	ponderosa pine	dry
POA	Poa spp.	bluegrass
POCU	Poa cusickii	Cusick bluegrass	subalpine
POSA	Poa sandbergii	Sandberg's bluegrass	sagebrush
POBI	Polygonum bistortoies	American bistort	meadows
POMU	Polystichum munitum	sward fern	mesic, widespread
POTR2	Populus trichocarpa	black cottonwood	moist (or cold)
POFR	Potentilla fruiticosa	shrubby cinquefoil	widespread
POGR	Potentilla gracilis	beauty cinquefoil
PSME	Pseudotsuga menziesii	Douglas fir	widespread
PTAQ	Pteridium aquilinum	bracken fern	disturbance
PUTR	Purshia tridentata	bitterbush	cool, acid
PYAS	Pyrola assarifolia	alpine pyrola
PYPI	Pyrola picta	whitevein pyrola
PYSE	Pyrola secunda	sidebells pyrola	cool to cold
PYROL	Pyrola spp.	pyrolas
QUGA	Quercus garryana	Oregon white oak	hot, dry, prairie
RHAL	Rhododendron albiflorum	bigleaf rhododendron	cold, wet
RHMA	Rhododendron macrophyllum	Pacific rhododendron	dry, coastal
RHDI	Rhus diversiloba	poison oak	warm, dry
RILA	Ribes lacustre	prickly currant	moist
ROGY	Rosa gymnocarpa	little baldhip rose	mesic, dry
RONU	Rosa nuktata	Nootka rose
ROWO	Rosa woodsii	Wood's rose
RULA	Rubus lasiococcus	dwarf blackberry
RULE	Rubus leucodermis	whitebark blackberry	weedy
RUNI	Rubus nevalis	snow dewberry
RUPA	Rubus parviflorus	thimble berry	dry, open
RUPE	Rubus pedatus	five leaf bramble	cool forests
RUSP	Rubus spectabilis	salmonberry	moist
RUUR	Rubus ursinus	trailing blackberry	mesic
SAVI	Salicornia virginica	coastal pickleweed	saline
SARA	Sambucus racemosa	red elderberry	moist
SAVE	Sarcobatus vermiculatus	black greasewood	alkaline
SAAM	Saussurea americana	saussurea	Subalpine
SAME	Saxifraga mertensiana	Mertens saxifrage	moist
SATD	Saxifraga tolmiei	Tolmie saxifrage	subalpine
SIAC	Silene acaulis	moss campion	Subalpine
SMRA	Smilacina racemosa	false Solomon's seal	mesic, warm
SMST	Smilacina stellata	star-flowered Solomon's seal	mesic
SOSP	Solidago spathulata	coast goldenrod
SOSI	Sorbus sitchensis	Sitka mountain ash	cool
SPBE	Spiraea betulifolia	shineyleaf spirea	dry
SPDO	Spiraea douglasii	hard hack	swamps
STCO2	Stachys cooleyi	betony	wet
STRO	Sterptopus amplexicaulis	purple twistedstalk
STCO	Stipa comata	needle and thread	dry
SYAL	Symphoricarpos albus	common snowberry	widespread
SYMO	Symphoricarpos mollis	trailing snowberry	warm
TABR	Taxus brevifolia	Pacific yew	warm, +/- dry
THPL	Thuja plicata	western red cedar	widespread
TITR	Tiarella trifoliata	foam flower	moist
TOME	Tolmiea menziesii	piggy-back plant	warm, moist
TORTU	Tortula spp.	tortulas
TRLA2	Trientalis latifolia	starflower	mesic
TROV	Trillium ovatum	white trillium
TSHE	Tsuga heterophylla	western hemlock	widespread
TSME	Tsuga mertensiana	mountain hemlock	cold
VAAL	Vaccinium alaskense	Alaska huckleberry	cool, moist
VAME	Vaccinium membranaceus	big huckleberry	cool
VAOV	Vaccinium ovalifolium	oval-leaf huckleberry	cool, moist
VAOV2	Vaccinium ovatum	evergreen huckleberry	drier forests
VAPA	Vaccinium parvifolium	red huckleberry	widespread
VASC	Vaccinium scoparium	grouse huckleberry	cool, dry
VASI	Valeriana sitchensis	Sitka valerian	moist
VAHE	Vancouveria hexandra	inside-out flower	moist, mesic
VEVI	Veratrum viride	American false hellebore	moist
VICIA	Vicia spp.	vetch	dry, warm
VIGL	Viola glabella	wood violet	moist
VISE	Viola sempervirens	redwoods violet	mesic
XETE	Xerophyllum tenax	common beargrass	cool, dry

Ecological properties of common species in Washington

---

Ecological properties (Summary)

Tolerance ranges for moisture, shade conditions and successional status are estimates for the normal range of the species.

Moisture

D=dry; M=mesic; F=Fresh; H=wet to hydric

Elevation

L=lowland (< 2000 ft west of Cascades, 3000 ft east of Cascades); M=mid-elevations, montane; H=subalpine to alpine)

Shade Tolerance

H=high, grows well in shade (tolerant); M=moderate, grows well in partial shade, open forests; L=low, grows best in full sunlight (intolerant)

Successional status

P=able to pioneer newly available habitats; S=grows best before dominant species fully develop; C=climax, reproductive in mature vegetation

Nitrogen status (Nut)

R=N-rich soils; M=N-medium soils; P=N-poor soils.

Species	Moisture					Elevation			Shade			Succession			Nut	Comments
	X	D	M	F	H	L	M	H	H	M	L	P	S	C	R/P
Trees
Abies amabilis			x	x			xx		x	x	x		x	x		Zonal climax dominant
Abies grandis		x	x	x		xx				x			x	x		Scattered on Puget Sound
Abies lasiocarpa	x	x	x					x		x	x		x	x	P	Persists once established
Abies procera		x	x				xx			x	x		x			Mid-elevation seral
Acer circinatum		x	x	x		xx			x	x		x	x		R
Acer macrophyllum		x	x			xx				x		x	x			Sprouts
Alnus rubra		x	x	x	x	xx				x	x	x	x		R	Past fire, clearcuts
Arbutus menziesii	x	x				x					x	x			M	Sadny bluffs
Betula papyrifera			x	x	x	x					x	x				River bottoms
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis			x	x				xx			x		x	x	M	Low elevations in cold sites
Chrysolepis chyrsophuylla		x	x			xx	x				x		x	x		Rare in Washington
Cornus nuttallii		x	x	x		x					x	x	x			Forest margins/gaps
Fraxinus latifolia				x	x	x					x	x	x			Wet lowlands
Larix lyallii				x	x			x			x	x	x			Timberlines
Larix occidentalis		x	x			xx	xx				x	x	x			Fire response species
Picea engemannii		x	x				xx	x		x	x		x	x		Moist valleys/timber lines
Picea sitchensis			x	x		x			x	x			x	x		Zonal dominant
Pinus albicaulis	x	x						x			x	x	x			Dry timberline
Pinus contorta var. contorta	x	x	-	-	x						x	x				Exposed sites/bogs
Pinus contorta var. latifolia	x	x	x				xx	xx			x	x	x		P	Fire response
Pinus monticola		x	x	x		xx	x			x	x	x	x			Near bogs/open slopes
Pinus ponderosa	x	x				xx					x	x	x		M	Zonal dominant
Populus tremuloides			x	x		xx					x	x			M	Seeds/wet spots
Populus balsaminifera			x	x		xx				x	x	x	x		M	Bottomlands
Prurus emarginata		x	x	x		xx				x		x	x		R	Margins & gaps
Pseudotsuga menziesii		x	x			xx	x			x	x		x	x		Zonal dominant
Quercus garryana		x	x			x					x	x	x			Prairies/valleys
Taxus brevifolia			x	x		xx	x			x	x		x	x		Shrub/tree
Thuja plicata			x	x	x	xx				x			x	x	M	Swamps/uplands
Tsuga heterophylla		x	x	x		xx	x			x			x	x		Zonal dominant
Tsuga mertensiana			x	x			xx	x			x		x	x		Zonal dominant
Shrubs
Alnus sinuata			x	x			x	x			x	x	x		M	Avalanche chutes
Amelanchier alnifolia		x	x			xx	x				x		x		M	Open forests
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi	x	x	x			xx	xx	x			x	x	x		P	Excellent ground cover
Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolia		x	x	x		x			x	x			x	x	M	Ornamental
Berberis nervosa		x	x			xx	x		x	x			x	x	M	Sub-dominant
Berberis repens		x	x			xx			x	x	x		x	x		East Cascades
Cassiope mertensiana			x	x			xx				x		x	x	P	Acid soils/dominant
Ceanothus velutinus		x	x			xx	x			x	x	x	x		M	N-fixer: Fire response
Chimaphila umbellata		x	x			xx	x			x	x			x	P	Saprophytic
Cornus stolonifera				x	x	xx				x			x	x	R	Riparian/wetlands
Corylus cornuta		x	x			xx				x	x		x	x	R	Ornamental
Gaultheria shallon		x	x			xx	x			x	x	x	x	x	P	Co-dominant
Grindelia integrifolia	x	x				x					x	x			P	Salt tolerant; dunes
Holodiscus discolor		x	x			xx	x			x	x		x	x	M	Open forests
Juniperus communis	x	x					xx	x			x	x	x	x	M	Mat-forming
Kalmia occidentalis				x	x	xx				x				x	P	Bogs & swamps
Ledum groenlandicum					x	xx	xx			x		x	x		P	Bogs
Linnaea borealis		x	x			xx	x		x				x	x	M	Dominant understory
Lonicera ciliosa		x	x			x			x				x		M	Vine in conifers
Lonicera involucrata			x	x		xx	x		x	x			x	x	R	Often riparian
Menziesia ferruginea			x	x			xx			x			x	x	P	Often in peats
Oemleria cerasiformis			x	x		xx				x		x	x		R	Deciduous forests
Oplopanax horridum			x	x	x	xx	x		x	x			x	x	R	Seeps/springs
Pachistima myrsinites		x	x			xx	x		x	x			x	x	P	Co-dominant
Philadelphus lewisii		x	x			xx	x			x			x	x	M	Rocky soils
Phyllodoce empetriformis		x	x	x			xx	x			x	x	x	x	P	Acid soils/dominant
Phyllodoce glanduliflora			x	x				x			x		x	x	M	Alpine acid soils
Physocarpus capitatus			x	x		xx					x		x		M	Forest edges/brush
Prunus emarginata		x	x			xx	x				x	x	x		M	Short-lived in forest
Rhamnus purshiana		x	x			xx			x	x			x		R	Understory dominant
Rhododendron albiflorum			x	x				x	x	x				x	P	Understory dominant
Rhododendron macrophyllum		x	x			x					x		x	x	P	Dominant in NE Olympics
Rhus diversiloba		x	x			x				x		x	x			Skin irritant
Ribes bracteosum			x	x		xx	x			x			x	x	R	Drier riparian zones
Ribes lacustre			x	x		xx	x		x				x	x	R	Moist woods
Ribes sanguineum		x	x			xx	x			x		x	x		M	Ornamental
Rosa gymnocarpa			x			xx				x			x	x	M	Brush/rocky sites
Rosa nuktata		x	x	x		xx	x			x	x		x	x	R	Reclamation
Rosa woodsii		x	x				x			x			x	x		East Cascades
Rubus parviflorus	x	x	x			xx	xx			x		x	x			Montane meadows
Rubus spectabilis			x	x		xx	x		x	x		x	x		R	Wet forests/swamps
Salix hookeriana				x	x	xx	x		x	x		x	x		M	Wetlands
Salix lasiandra				x	x	xx				x	x	x	x		M	Wetlands
Salix scouleriana			x	x		xx	x			x		x	x		M	Facultative
Sambucus racemosa			x			xx				x		x	x		R	Co-dominant
Sorbus sitchensis		x	x				xx			x	x		x	x	P	Subalpine forests
Spiraea betulifolia		x	x				xx				x		x	x	M	Open/rocky sites
Spiraea douglasii				x	x	xx					x	x	x		M	Bogs, stream sides
Symphoricarpos albus		x	x	x		xx	x			x	x	x	x		R	Reclamation
Vaccinium alaskense			x	x			xx		x	x			x	x	P	Acid soils
Vaccinium membranaceus		x	x				xx			x			x	x	P	Acid soils
Vaccinium ovatum			x			xx			x	x			x	x	P	Drier forests
Vaccinium parvifolium		x	x	x		xx			x	x		x	x	x	P	Often on stumps
Viburunum edule			x	x					x	x			x	x	R
Lower plants
Adiantum pedatum			x	x	x	xx	xx		x				x	x	R	Often in seeps
Aspidotis densa	x	x					xx				x	x	x		P	In rocks
Athyrium filix-femina				x	x	xx	x		x	x			x	x	M	Often in wetlands
Blechnum spicant				x	x	xx	xx		x				x	x	P	Sub-dominant/conifers
Crytogramma crispa	x	x	x	x			x				x	x	x		P	In rocks
Dryopteris austriaca			x	x		xx			x				x		M	Often rotten logs
Equisetum hymenale				x	x	xx	x		x	x		x	x		R	Marshy sites
Equisetum telmateia				x	x	xx			x			x	x		R
Gymnocarpium dryopteris			x	x		xx	x		x				x	x	R
Polypodium glycyrhiza		x	x	x		xx			x			x				Usually epiphytic
Polystichum munitum		x	x			xx	x		x	x			x	x	R	Understory dominant
Pteridium aquilinum	x	x				xx	x				x	x	x			Disturbed/open sites
Graminoids
Agrypyron spicatum	x	x				xx	x				x	x	x	x	R/P	Steppe/serpentine
Agrostis diegoensis		x	x				xx				x	x	x	x	M	High dry meadows
Carex aquatilus					x	xx	x			x	x	x	x		M	Emergent wetlands
Carex geyeri		x	x				xx				x	x	x	x	M	Dry forest understory
Carex mertensiana		x	x					x		x	x	x	x		M	Dry meadows
Carex nigricans				x	x			x			x	x	x		M	Late snow melt
Carex obnupta					x	xx	x			x		x	x		R	Swamps; marshes
Carex spectabilis			x	x			xx				x		x		M	Often dominant
Elymus cinereus	x	x				xx					x	x	x			Mildly saline sites
Eriophorum agustifolium					x		xx				x	x	x			High wet medows
Glyceria spp.					x	xx	x			x		x	x	x	M	Forested wetlands
Poa cusickii		x	x				xx				x	x	x		P	Subalpine meadows
Poa curtifolia	x	x					xx				x	x	x		P	Serpentine endemic
Other monocotyledonae
Allium cernuum		x	x			xx	xx				x		x	x	M	Widely distributed
Allium crenulatum	x	x					xx	x			x	x			P	Talus/scree
Calypso bulbosa			x	x		xx	x		x					x	M	Acid soil
Camassia quamash	x	x				xx	x				x	x	x		R	Prairies; steppe
Clintonia uniflora		x	x				xx			x			x	x	P	Open dry forests
Coralorhiza spp. (Coral root)		x	x				xx		x					x	P	Saprophytic
Disporum smithii			x	x		Xx	x			x	x		x	x	R	Usually moist forest
Erythronium grandiflorum		x	x	x			xx				x		x	x	M	Drier slopes to treeline
Erythronium montanum			x	x				x		x	x		x	x	M	Subalpine meadows
Fritillaria lanceolata		x	x			xx	x				x	x	x	x	P	Prairies/rocks
Goodyera oblongifolia		x	x	x		xx	x		x			x	x	x	P	Deep litter
Lilium columbianum		x	x			xx	xx				x	x	x		M	Often disturbed
Listera spp.			x	x	x	xx	xx		x				x	x		var. varied
Lysichitum americanum					x	xx			x			x	x		R	Swamps/bogs
Maianthemum dilatatum			x	x		xx	x		x	x			x	x	R	Dominates patches
Sisyrinchium douglasii			x	x		xx	xx			x	x		x	x	M	Spring-wet sites
Smilacina racemosa			x	x		xx	x		x				x	x	R	Mesic forests
Sterptopus amplexicaulis			x	x		xx	xx		x	x			x	x	R	Moist woods/streams
Trillium ovatum			x	x		xx			x	x			x	x	R	Early flowering
Veratrum viride			x	x			xx			x		x	x		R	Meadows
Xerophyllum tenax		x	x				xx			x			x	x	M	Dominant understory
Zigadenus venenosus	x	x				xx					x		x	x	M	Prairies/steppes
Other dicotyledonae
Achlys triphylla		x	x			xx	x			x			x	x	R	Open conifer forests
Aconitum columbianum				x			xx				x	x	x			Meadows/late melt
Aquilegia formosa			x	x			xx			x	x	x	x		R	Seeps/high meadows
Arenaria capillaris	x	x					xx				x	x	x		P	Fellfields/meadows
Armeria macrophylla		x				xx				x		x	x		M	Open forests
Armeria maritima	x	x				x					x	x	x		P	Bluffs and dunes
Asarum caudatum			x	x		xx	x		x				x	x	R	Dense forests
Caltha leptosepala					x		xx			x	x	x	x		R	Bogs, marshes
Campanula rotundifolia		x	x				xx				x	x	x		M	Subalpine meadows
Castilleja miniata	x	x	x				xx				x	x	x		P	Semi-parasitic
Cornus unalaschkensis		x	x			xx	x			x		x	x		P	Can be dominant
Corydalis scouleri			x	x		x			x	x		x	x		R	Moist forests
Delphinium glarosum		x	x				xx			x	x		x	x	M	Drier meadows
Dicentra formosa		x	x			xx			x			x	x		R	Tends to ruderal
Dodecatheon pulchellum				x		xx	xx			x		x	x		R	Seasonally wet
Douglasia laevigata		x	x			xx	xx				x	x	x		P	Coastal bluffs/subalpi e
Douglasia nivalis	x					xx	xx				x	x	x		P	Open slopes
Dryas octopetalla		x	x					x			x	x			P	Alpine (N-fixer)
Epilobium angustifolium		x	x			xx	xx				x	x			R	Strong invader
Fragaria vesca		x	x			xx	x			x	x	x	x		M	Dunes
Galium triflorum		x	x			xx	x		x	x		x	x		R	Disturbed forests
Heracleum lanatum					x		xx				x	x	x		R	Meadows
Lathyrus polyphyllus		x	x			xx					x		x		R	Woods/prairies
Linnaea borealis		x	x	x		xx	xx			x			x	x		May dominate
Lomatium martindalei	x	x					xx				x	x			P	Talus/trampled sites
Luetkea pectinata		x	x	x			xx	x			x	x	x		M	Snow/talus/mudflows
Lupinus latifolius		x	x				xx				x	x	x		P	Subalpine meadows
Lupinus lepidus	x	x					xx	x			x	x	x		P	Subalpine/alpine sites
Lupinus polyphyllus		x	x				xx				x		x		M	Montane meadows
Mimulus lewisii				x			xx				x	x	x			Stream margins
Mittella brewerii				x	x	xx			x			x	x		R	Stream margins
Montia siberica		x	x			xx				x		x			M	Ruderal
Oxalis oregana			x			xx			x				x	x	M	Dominant understory
Pedicularis spp.			x	x	x		xx	x		x	x		x	x	P	Five common species
Phlox diffusa	x	x					xx				x		x	x		Fellfields
Polygonum bistortoies				x	x		xx				x		x	x	M	Moist meadows
Polygonum newberryi		x	x				xx	x			x	x	x		P
Potentilla glandulosa		x	x				xx			x	x		x		M
Pterospora andromeda		x	x				xx		x	x			x	x	M	Saprophyte
Pyrola secunda		x	x				xx		x	x			x	x	P	Dominant
Rubus lasiococcus		x	x			xx	x		x	x			x		M	Conifers
Rubus pedatus			x				x		x				x		P
Rubus ursinus		x	x			xx				x		x	x		M	Disturbed sites
Saxifraga tolmiei		x	x				xx				x	x	x		M	Rocky sites
Sedum spp.	x	x				xx	xx	x			x	x	x		P	Several species
Silene acaulis		x	x				xx	x			x		x	x	P	Alpine meadows
Spraugea umbellata	x	x					xx				x	x	x		P	Colonist
Tellima grandiflora			x	x		xx			x			x	x		R	Disturbed sites
Thalictrum occidentale			x	x		xx	x			x	x	x	x		R	Moist forests
Tiarella trifoliata		x	x			xx	x			x		x	x		R	Open forests
Tolmiea menziesii			x	x		xx			x			x	x		R	Deciduous forests
Trientalis latifolia			x	x		xx				x			x		M	Coniferous forests
Valeriana sitchensis			x	x			x				x	x	x		R	Meadows
Viola glabella			x	x		xx	xx		x				x	x	R	Moist woods
Viola sempervirens			x	x		xx	x		x	x			x	x	M	Creeper/moist woods
Asteraceae
Achillea millefolium	x	x	x			xx	xx				x	x	x		M	Disturbances
Adenocaulon bicolor		x	x			xx	x			x		x	x		R	Open forests/trails
Anaphalis margaritacea	x	x				xx	xx				x	x	x		P	Ruderal/clearcuts
Antennaria lanata			x				xx	x		x		x	x		P	Late snow melt
Arnica apigenus			x				xx			x			x		M
Aster apigenus		x	x				xx				x	x	x		M	Lush meadows
Balsamorhiza saggitata		x	x				x				x	x	x	x		Forest edge/steppe
Cirsium edule	x	x	x				xx				x	x	x		P	Open forests
Erigeron aureus		x	x					x			x		x		P	Alpine meadows
Erigeron peregrinus		x	x	x			xx			x	x		x		R	Subalpine meadows
Petasites frigidus				x		xx	x			x		x	x			Ephemeral wet areas
Senecio triangularis				x	x		xx				x	x	x			Streamsides
Solidago spathulata	x					x					x	x			P	Coastal dune