(Upload on December 3 2012) [ 日本語 | English ]
Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily
[Characteristics, Forest zones of the Cascades, Wetalnd vegetation in Washington, TRI code
Table. Code, scientific name, common name and general indicator value of important species in Washington. Code. Scientific name (Common name): Indicator value ABAM Abies amabilis (Pacific silver fir): cool ABGR Abies grandis (grand fir): warm, dry ABLA2 Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir): very cold ABPR Abies procera (noble fir): cool ACCI Acer circinatum (vine-maple): moist, warm ACGL Acer glabrum (Rocky Mt. vine-maple): moist, cool ACMA Acer macrophyllum (big-leaf maple): warm, wet ACMI Achillea millefolium (western yarrow): dry ACTR Achlys triphylla (vanilla leaf): widespread, mesic ACRU Actaea rubra (baneberry): moist ADBI Adenocaulon bicolor (trail plant): warm, mesic-dry ADPE Adiantum pedatum (maidenhair fern): wet, warm AGSP Agropyron spicatum (bluebunch wheatgrass): arid ALCR Allium crenulatum (Olympic onion): talus ALRU Alnus rubra (red alder): moist ALSI Alnus sinuata (mountain alder): avalanche chutes AMAL Amelanchier alnifolia (service berry): hot, dry ANDE Anemone deltoidea (three-leaved anemone): widespread ANLY Anemone lyallii (nine-leaved anemone): moist ANLA Antennaria lanata (wooly everlasting): dry, high ARCA Aralia californica (California aralia): moist AQFU Aquilegia formosa (Sitka columbine): moist ARME Arbutus menziesii (madrono): hot, dry ARNE Arctostaphylos nevadensis (pine-mat manzanita): warm, dry ARUV Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (kinnikinik): harsh ARCA2 Arenaria capillaris (mountain sandwort): sandy ARMA3 Armeria macrophylla (bigleaf sandwort): dry ARCC Arnica cordifolia (heartleaf arnica): moist ARLA Arnica latifolia (broadleaf arnica): moist ARTR Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush): arid ARTR2 Artemisia tripartita (threetip sagebrush): dry ARRI Artemisia rigida (Stiff sagebrush): shallow soil, arid ASCA3 Asarum caudatum (wild ginger): moist ASAP Aster apigenus (alpine aster): high ASLE Aster ledophyllus (Cascades aster): dry ATFI Athyrium filix-femina (ladyfern): wet, warm BASA Balsamorhiza saggitata (arrowleaf balsamroot): semi-arid BEAQ Berberis aquifolium (tall Oregon grape): widespread BENE Berberis nervosa (Oregon grape): widespread BLSP Blechnum spicant (deer fern): wet BRTE Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass): weed, arid land CABU Calypso bulbosa (calypso orchid): acid CAQU Camassia quamash (camas): meadows CASC Campanula scouleri (scouler's bluebell) CAAQ Carex aquatilus (water sege): wet CANI Carex nigricans (black alpine sedge): late-snow melt CAOB Carex obnupta (slough sedge) CASP Carex spectabilis (showy sedge) CAME Cassiope mertensiana (white heather): acid CAPA Castilleja parviflora (smallflower paintsrush): meadows CEVE Ceanothus velutinus (snowbush ceanothus): pioneer CHNO Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Alaska yellow cedar): high-elevation CHME Chimaphila menziesii (little prince's pine): acid CHUM Chimaphila umbellata (prince's pine): acid CHNA Chrysothamnus nauseosus (rubber rabbitbrush): sagebrush CIAL Circaea alpina (alpine circaea): wet, high CIAR Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) CLUN Clintonia uniflora (Queencup beadlily): cool, mesic COLA Coptis laciniata (cutleaf goldthread) COMA Corallorhiza maculata (coralroot): saprophyte COCA Cornus canadensis (bunchberry dogwood): cool, mesic CONU Cornus nuttallii (Pacific dogwood): warm, dry COST Cornus stolonifera (red-osier dogwood): swamp COCO2 Corylus cornuta var. californica (California hazel): warm, dry DIFO Dicentra formosa (bleeding heart): moist DIHO Disporum hookeri (fairybells): mesic DISP Distichlis spicata (coastal salt grass): saline DIST Distichlis stricta (salt grass): saline DOJE Dodecatheon pulchellum (shootingstar): moist DRAU2 Dryopteris austriaca (mountain woodfern): moist ELCI Elymus cinereus (giant wildrye): desert EMNI Empetrum nigrum (black crowberry): high, acid EPAN Epilobium angustifolium (fireweed): clearcuts EQAR Equisetum arvense (common horsetail): weed EQTE Equisetum telmateia (giant horsetail): moist ERAU Erigeron aureus (golden fleabane): alpine ERIOG Eriogonum spp. (buckwheats) ERIOP Eriophorum spp. (cotton grass): wet meadow FEID Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue): steppe FEVI Festuca viridula (green fescue): subalpine FRAGA Fragaria spp. (strawberry): dry GAOR Galium oreganum (Oregon bedstraw) GATR Galium triflorum (sweetscented bedstraw): mesic GAOV Gaultheria ovatifolia (wintergreen): acid GASH Gaultheria shallon (salal): warm, dry, acid GOOB Goodyera oblongifolia (rattlesnake plantain): acid GYDR Gymnocarpium dryopteris (oak fern): wet HELA Heracleum lanatum (common cowparsnip): moist HIAL Hieracium albiflorum (white hawkweed): warm, dry HODI Holodiscus discolor (creambush oceanspray): hot, dry HYMO Hypopitys monotropa (pinesap): cool HYTE Hydrophyllum tenuipes (Pacific waterleaf): wet IRTE Iris tenax (Oregon iris): warm JUCO4 Juniperus communis (common juniper): harsh KOCR Koeleria cristata (prairie junegrass): sandy LAMU Lactuca muralis (wall lettuce): warm, moist LALY Larix lyallii (subalpine larch): alpine, moist LAOC Larix occidentalis (western larch): fire LAPO Lathyrus polyphyllus (leafy peavine): warm, dry LEGR Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador tea): acid swamp LIBO Linnaea borealis (twinflower): widespread, mesic LIBO2 Listera borealis (twayblade): acid |
LUPE Luetkea pectinata (luetkea): subalpine LULA Lupinus latifolius (broadleaf lupine): moist LULE Lupinus lepidus (Lyall's lupine): subalpine LYAM Lysichitum americanum (skunkcabbage): wet MADI2 Maianthemum dilatatum (false lily-of-the-valley): moist MEFE Menziesia ferruginea (rusty leaf): cool MILE Mimulus lewisii (Lewis monkeyflower): wet MIBR Mitella brewerii (Brewer mitrewort): moist, wet MOSI Montia siberica (western springbeauty): moist OECE Oemleria cerasiformis (Indian plum): warm OPHO Oplopanax horridum (devil's club): wet ORHY Orysopsis hymenoides (Indian ricegrass): sandy OSCH Osmorhiza chilensis (sweet cicely): (mountain) mesic OXOR Oxalis oregana (Oregonn oxalis): moist, warm PAMY Pachistima myrsinites (Oregon boxwood): widespread PERA Pedicularis racemosa (sickletop pedicularis) PEDIC Pedicularis spp. (louseworts): moist PHAR Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass): marsh PHDI Phlox diffusa (spreading phlox): dry, subalpine PHEM Phyllodoce empetriformis (red heather): acid, subalpine PHGL Phyllodoce glanduliflora (yellow heather): high, moist PIEN Picea engemannii (Engelman spruce): montane PISI Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce): coastal PIAL Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine): high elevations, dry PICO Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine): cold, dry PIMO Pinus monticola (western white pine): cool PIPO Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine): dry POA Poa spp. (bluegrass) POCU Poa cusickii (Cusick bluegrass): subalpine POSA Poa sandbergii (Sandberg's bluegrass): sagebrush POBI Polygonum bistortoies (American bistort): meadows POMU Polystichum munitum (sward fern): mesic, widespread POTR2 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood): moist (or cold) POFR Potentilla fruiticosa (shrubby cinquefoil): widespread POGR Potentilla gracilis (beauty cinquefoil) PSME Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir): widespread PTAQ Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern): disturbance PUTR Purshia tridentata (bitterbush): cool, acid PYAS Pyrola assarifolia (alpine pyrola) PYPI Pyrola picta (whitevein pyrola) PYSE Pyrola secunda (sidebells pyrola): cool to cold PYROL Pyrola spp. (pyrolas) QUGA Quercus garryana (Oregon white oak): hot, dry, prairie RHAL Rhododendron albiflorum (bigleaf rhododendron): cold, wet RHMA Rhododendron macrophyllum (Pacific rhododendron): dry, coastal RHDI Rhus diversiloba (poison oak): warm, dry RILA Ribes lacustre (prickly currant): moist ROGY Rosa gymnocarpa (little baldhip rose): mesic, dry RONU Rosa nuktata (Nootka rose) ROWO Rosa woodsii (Wood's rose) RULA Rubus lasiococcus (dwarf blackberry) RULE Rubus leucodermis (whitebark blackberry): weedy RUNI Rubus nevalis (snow dewberry) RUPA Rubus parviflorus (thimble berry): dry, open RUPE Rubus pedatus (five leaf bramble): cool forests RUSP Rubus spectabilis (salmonberry): moist RUUR Rubus ursinus (trailing blackberry): mesic SAVI Salicornia virginica (coastal pickleweed): saline SARA Sambucus racemosa (red elderberry): moist SAVE Sarcobatus vermiculatus (black greasewood): alkaline SAAM Saussurea americana (saussurea): subalpine SAME Saxifraga mertensiana (Mertens saxifrage): moist SATD Saxifraga tolmiei (Tolmie saxifrage): subalpine SIAC Silene acaulis (moss campion): subalpine SMRA Smilacina racemosa (false Solomon's seal): mesic, warm SMST Smilacina stellata (star-flowered Solomon's seal): mesic SOSP Solidago spathulata (coast goldenrod) SOSI Sorbus sitchensis (Sitka mountain ash): cool SPBE Spiraea betulifolia (shineyleaf spirea): dry SPDO Spiraea douglasii (hard hack): swamps STCO2 Stachys cooleyi (betony): wet STRO Sterptopus amplexicaulis (purple twistedstalk) STCO Stipa comata (needle and thread): dry SYAL Symphoricarpos albus (common snowberry): widespread SYMO Symphoricarpos mollis (trailing snowberry): warm TABR Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew): warm, +/- dry THPL Thuja plicata (western red cedar): widespread TITR Tiarella trifoliata (foam flower): moist TOME Tolmiea menziesii (piggy-back plant): warm, moist TORTU Tortula spp. (tortulas) TRLA2 Trientalis latifolia (starflower): mesic TROV Trillium ovatum (white trillium) TSHE Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock): widespread TSME Tsuga mertensiana (mountain hemlock): cold VAAL Vaccinium alaskense (Alaska huckleberry): cool, moist VAME Vaccinium membranaceus (big huckleberry): cool VAOV Vaccinium ovalifolium (oval-leaf huckleberry): cool, moist VAOV2 Vaccinium ovatum (evergreen huckleberry): drier forests VAPA Vaccinium parvifolium (red huckleberry): widespread VASC Vaccinium scoparium (grouse huckleberry): cool, dry VASI Valeriana sitchensis (Sitka valerian): moist VAHE Vancouveria hexandra (inside-out flower): moist, mesic VEVI Veratrum viride (American false hellebore): moist VICIA Vicia spp. (vetch): dry, warm VIGL Viola glabella (wood violet): moist VISE Viola sempervirens (redwoods violet): mesic XETE Xerophyllum tenax (common beargrass): cool, dry |
Ecological properties (Summary)Tolerance ranges for moisture, shade conditions and successional status are estimates for the normal range of the species.Moisture: D=dry; M=mesic; F=Fresh; H=wet to hydric Elevation: L=lowland (< 2000 ft west of Cascades, 3000 ft east of Cascades); M=mid-elevations, montane; H=subalpine to alpine) |
Shade Tolerance: H=high, grows well in shade (tolerant); M=moderate, grows well in partial shade, open forests; L=low, grows best in full sunlight (intolerant) Successional status: P=able to pioneer newly available habitats; S=grows best before dominant species fully develop; C=climax, reproductive in mature vegetation Nitrogen status (Nut): R=N-rich soils; M=N-medium soils; P=N-poor soils. |
Species | Moisture | Elevation | Shade | Succession | Nut | Comments | ||||||||||
X | D | M | F | H | L | M | H | H | M | L | P | S | C | R/P | ||
Trees | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abies amabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal climax dominant | |||||||
Abies grandis | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Scattered on Puget Sound | ||||||||
Abies lasiocarpa | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Persists once established | ||||||
Abies procera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Mid-elevation seral | |||||||||
Acer circinatum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | |||||||
Acer macrophyllum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Sprouts | |||||||||
Alnus rubra | x | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Past fire, clearcuts | |||||
Arbutus menziesii | x | x | x | x | x | M | Sadny bluffs | |||||||||
Betula papyrifera | x | x | x | x | x | x | River bottoms | |||||||||
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Low elevations in cold sites | ||||||||
Chrysolepis chyrsophuylla | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Rare in Washington | ||||||||
Cornus nuttallii | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Forest margins/gaps | ||||||||
Fraxinus latifolia | x | x | x | x | x | x | Wet lowlands | |||||||||
Larix lyallii | x | x | x | x | x | x | Timberlines | |||||||||
Larix occidentalis | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | Fire response species | ||||||||
Picea engemannii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Moist valleys/timber lines | |||||||
Picea sitchensis | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
Pinus albicaulis | x | x | x | x | x | x | Dry timberline | |||||||||
Pinus contorta var. contorta | x | x | - | - | x | x | x | Exposed sites/bogs | ||||||||
Pinus contorta var. latifolia | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Fire response | ||||||
Pinus monticola | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Near bogs/open slopes | ||||||
Pinus ponderosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
Populus tremuloides | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Seeds/wet spots | |||||||||
Populus balsaminifera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Bottomlands | |||||||
Prurus emarginata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Margins & gaps | |||||||
Pseudotsuga menziesii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | |||||||
Quercus garryana | x | x | x | x | x | x | Prairies/valleys | |||||||||
Taxus brevifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Shrub/tree | |||||||
Thuja plicata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Swamps/uplands | |||||||
Tsuga heterophylla | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | |||||||
Tsuga mertensiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
Shrubs | ||||||||||||||||
Alnus sinuata | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Avalanche chutes | |||||||
Amelanchier alnifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open forests | ||||||||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Excellent ground cover | |||||
Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolia | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Ornamental | ||||||
Berberis nervosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Sub-dominant | ||||||
Berberis repens | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | East Cascades | |||||||
Cassiope mertensiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Acid soils/dominant | ||||||||
Ceanothus velutinus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | N-fixer: Fire response | ||||||
Chimaphila umbellata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Saprophytic | |||||||
Cornus stolonifera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Riparian/wetlands | ||||||||
Corylus cornuta | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Ornamental | |||||||
Gaultheria shallon | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Co-dominant | |||||
Grindelia integrifolia | x | x | x | x | x | P | Salt tolerant; dunes | |||||||||
Holodiscus discolor | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Open forests | ||||||
Juniperus communis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Mat-forming | ||||||
Kalmia occidentalis | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Bogs & swamps | |||||||||
Ledum groenlandicum | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Bogs | ||||||||
Linnaea borealis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | |||||||
Lonicera ciliosa | x | x | x | x | x | M | Vine in conifers | |||||||||
Lonicera involucrata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Often riparian | ||||||
Menziesia ferruginea | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Often in peats | ||||||||
Oemleria cerasiformis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Deciduous forests | ||||||||
Oplopanax horridum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Seeps/springs | |||||
Pachistima myrsinites | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Co-dominant | ||||||
Philadelphus lewisii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Rocky soils | |||||||
Phyllodoce empetriformis | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Acid soils/dominant | |||||
Phyllodoce glanduliflora | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Alpine acid soils | ||||||||
Physocarpus capitatus | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Forest edges/brush | |||||||||
Prunus emarginata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Short-lived in forest | |||||||
Rhamnus purshiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Understory dominant | ||||||||
Rhododendron albiflorum | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Understory dominant | ||||||||
Rhododendron macrophyllum | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Dominant in NE Olympics | ||||||||
Rhus diversiloba | x | x | x | x | x | x | Skin irritant | |||||||||
Ribes bracteosum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Drier riparian zones | |||||||
Ribes lacustre | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Moist woods | |||||||
Ribes sanguineum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Ornamental | |||||||
Rosa gymnocarpa | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Brush/rocky sites | |||||||||
Rosa nuktata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Reclamation | |||||
Rosa woodsii | x | x | x | x | x | x | East Cascades | |||||||||
Rubus parviflorus | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | Montane meadows | |||||||
Rubus spectabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Wet forests/swamps | ||||||
Salix hookeriana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Wetlands | ||||||
Salix lasiandra | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Wetlands | |||||||
Salix scouleriana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Facultative | |||||||
Sambucus racemosa | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Co-dominant | |||||||||
Sorbus sitchensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Subalpine forests | |||||||
Spiraea betulifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open/rocky sites | ||||||||
Spiraea douglasii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Bogs, stream sides | ||||||||
Symphoricarpos albus | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Reclamation | |||||
Vaccinium alaskense | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Acid soils | |||||||
Vaccinium membranaceus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Acid soils | ||||||||
Vaccinium ovatum | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Drier forests | ||||||||
Vaccinium parvifolium | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Often on stumps | |||||
Viburunum edule | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | |||||||||
Lower plants | ||||||||||||||||
Adiantum pedatum | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Often in seeps | ||||||
Aspidotis densa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | In rocks | ||||||||
Athyrium filix-femina | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Often in wetlands | ||||||
Blechnum spicant | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Sub-dominant/conifers | |||||||
Crytogramma crispa | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | In rocks | ||||||
Dryopteris austriaca | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Often rotten logs | |||||||||
Equisetum hymenale | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Marshy sites | ||||||
Equisetum telmateia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | |||||||||
Gymnocarpium dryopteris | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | ||||||||
Polypodium glycyrhiza | x | x | x | xx | x | x | Usually epiphytic | |||||||||
Polystichum munitum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Understory dominant | ||||||
Pteridium aquilinum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Disturbed/open sites | ||||||||
Graminoids | ||||||||||||||||
Agrypyron spicatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R/P | Steppe/serpentine | ||||||
Agrostis diegoensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | High dry meadows | |||||||
Carex aquatilus | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Emergent wetlands | |||||||
Carex geyeri | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Dry forest understory | |||||||
Carex mertensiana | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Dry meadows | |||||||
Carex nigricans | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Late snow melt | ||||||||
Carex obnupta | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Swamps; marshes | ||||||||
Carex spectabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Often dominant | |||||||||
Elymus cinereus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Mildly saline sites | |||||||||
Eriophorum agustifolium | x | xx | x | x | x | High wet medows | ||||||||||
Glyceria spp. | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Forested wetlands | |||||||
Poa cusickii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
Poa curtifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Serpentine endemic | ||||||||
Other monocotyledonae | ||||||||||||||||
Allium cernuum | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Widely distributed | |||||||
Allium crenulatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Talus/scree | ||||||||
Calypso bulbosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Acid soil | ||||||||
Camassia quamash | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Prairies; steppe | |||||||
Clintonia uniflora | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Open dry forests | ||||||||
Coralorhiza spp. (Coral root) | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Saprophytic | |||||||||
Disporum smithii | x | x | Xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Usually moist forest | ||||||
Erythronium grandiflorum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Drier slopes to treeline | |||||||
Erythronium montanum | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Subalpine meadows | |||||||
Fritillaria lanceolata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Prairies/rocks | ||||||
Goodyera oblongifolia | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Deep litter | |||||
Lilium columbianum | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Often disturbed | |||||||
Listera spp. | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | var. varied | |||||||
Lysichitum americanum | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Swamps/bogs | |||||||||
Maianthemum dilatatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Dominates patches | ||||||
Sisyrinchium douglasii | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Spring-wet sites | ||||||
Smilacina racemosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Mesic forests | |||||||
Sterptopus amplexicaulis | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Moist woods/streams | ||||||
Trillium ovatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Early flowering | |||||||
Veratrum viride | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Meadows | ||||||||
Xerophyllum tenax | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | ||||||||
Zigadenus venenosus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Prairies/steppes | ||||||||
Other dicotyledonae | ||||||||||||||||
Achlys triphylla | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open conifer forests | |||||||
Aconitum columbianum | x | xx | x | x | x | Meadows/late melt | ||||||||||
Aquilegia formosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Seeps/high meadows | |||||||
Arenaria capillaris | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Fellfields/meadows | ||||||||
Armeria macrophylla | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open forests | |||||||||
Armeria maritima | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Bluffs and dunes | ||||||||
Asarum caudatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Dense forests | |||||||
Caltha leptosepala | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Bogs, marshes | ||||||||
Campanula rotundifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
Castilleja miniata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Semi-parasitic | |||||||
Cornus unalaschkensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Can be dominant | |||||||
Corydalis scouleri | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | Moist forests | |||||||
Delphinium glarosum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Drier meadows | |||||||
Dicentra formosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Tends to ruderal | ||||||||
Dodecatheon pulchellum | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Seasonally wet | ||||||||
Douglasia laevigata | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Coastal bluffs/subalpi e | |||||||
Douglasia nivalis | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Open slopes | ||||||||
Dryas octopetalla | x | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine (N-fixer) | |||||||||
Epilobium angustifolium | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | R | Strong invader | ||||||||
Fragaria vesca | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Dunes | ||||||
Galium triflorum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Disturbed forests | ||||||
Heracleum lanatum | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Meadows | |||||||||
Lathyrus polyphyllus | x | x | xx | x | x | R | Woods/prairies | |||||||||
Linnaea borealis | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | May dominate | |||||||
Lomatium martindalei | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Talus/trampled sites | |||||||||
Luetkea pectinata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Snow/talus/mudflows | ||||||
Lupinus latifolius | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
Lupinus lepidus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Subalpine/alpine sites | |||||||
Lupinus polyphyllus | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Montane meadows | |||||||||
Mimulus lewisii | x | xx | x | x | x | Stream margins | ||||||||||
Mittella brewerii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Stream margins | ||||||||
Montia siberica | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Ruderal | |||||||||
Oxalis oregana | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | |||||||||
Pedicularis spp. | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Five common species | |||||
Phlox diffusa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Fellfields | |||||||||
Polygonum bistortoies | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Moist meadows | ||||||||
Polygonum newberryi | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | ||||||||
Potentilla glandulosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | |||||||||
Pterospora andromeda | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Saprophyte | |||||||
Pyrola secunda | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Dominant | |||||||
Rubus lasiococcus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Conifers | |||||||
Rubus pedatus | x | x | x | x | P | |||||||||||
Rubus ursinus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Disturbed sites | ||||||||
Saxifraga tolmiei | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Rocky sites | ||||||||
Sedum spp. | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Several species | ||||||
Silene acaulis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine meadows | |||||||
Spraugea umbellata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Colonist | ||||||||
Tellima grandiflora | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Disturbed sites | ||||||||
Thalictrum occidentale | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Moist forests | ||||||
Tiarella trifoliata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open forests | |||||||
Tolmiea menziesii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Deciduous forests | ||||||||
Trientalis latifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Coniferous forests | |||||||||
Valeriana sitchensis | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | Meadows | ||||||||
Viola glabella | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Moist woods | |||||||
Viola sempervirens | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Creeper/moist woods | ||||||
Asteraceae | ||||||||||||||||
Achillea millefolium | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Disturbances | ||||||
Adenocaulon bicolor | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open forests/trails | |||||||
Anaphalis margaritacea | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Ruderal/clearcuts | |||||||
Antennaria lanata | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Late snow melt | ||||||||
Arnica apigenus | x | xx | x | x | M | |||||||||||
Aster apigenus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Lush meadows | ||||||||
Balsamorhiza saggitata | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Forest edge/steppe | ||||||||
Cirsium edule | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Open forests | |||||||
Erigeron aureus | x | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine meadows | |||||||||
Erigeron peregrinus | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Subalpine meadows | |||||||
Petasites frigidus | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Ephemeral wet areas | |||||||||
Senecio triangularis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Streamsides | |||||||||
Solidago spathulata | x | x | x | x | P | Coastal dune |