(Upload on December 3 2012) [ 日本語 | English ]
Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily
⇒ Species list, Characteristics, Forest zones of the Cascades, Wetalnd vegetation in Washington
TRI code
Code | Scientific name | Common name | Indicator value |
---|---|---|---|
ABAM | Abies amabilis | Pacific silver fir | Cool |
ABGR | Abies grandis | grand fir | warm, dry |
ABLA2 | Abies lasiocarpa | subalpine fir | very cold |
ABPR | Abies procera | noble fir | Cool |
ACCI | Acer circinatum | vine-maple | moist, warm |
ACGL | Acer glabrum | Rocky Mt. vine-maple | moist, cool |
ACMA | Acer macrophyllum | big-leaf maple | warm, wet |
ACMI | Achillea millefolium | western yarrow | dry |
ACTR | Achlys triphylla | vanilla leaf | widespread, mesic |
ACRU | Actaea rubra | baneberry | Moist |
ADBI | Adenocaulon bicolor | trail plant | warm, mesic-dry |
ADPE | Adiantum pedatum | maidenhair fern | wet, warm |
AGSP | Agropyron spicatum | bluebunch wheatgrass | Arid |
ALCR | Allium crenulatum | Olympic onion | Talus |
ALRU | Alnus rubra | red alder | Moist |
ALSI | Alnus sinuata | mountain alder | avalanche chutes |
AMAL | Amelanchier alnifolia | service berry | hot, dry |
ANDE | Anemone deltoidea | three-leaved anemone | widespread |
ANLY | Anemone lyallii | nine-leaved anemone | moist |
ANLA | Antennaria lanata | wooly everlasting | dry, high |
ARCA | Aralia californica | California aralia | moist |
AQFU | Aquilegia formosa | Sitka columbine | moist |
ARME | Arbutus menziesii | madrono | hot, dry |
ARNE | Arctostaphylos nevadensis | pine-mat manzanita | warm, dry |
ARUV | Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | kinnikinik | harsh |
ARCA2 | Arenaria capillaris | mountain sandwort | sandy |
ARMA3 | Armeria macrophylla | bigleaf sandwort | dry |
ARCC | Arnica cordifolia | heartleaf arnica | moist |
ARLA | Arnica latifolia | broadleaf arnica | moist |
ARTR | Artemisia tridentata | big sagebrush | arid |
ARTR2 | Artemisia tripartita | threetip sagebrush | dry |
ARRI | Artemisia rigida | Stiff sagebrush | shallow soil, arid |
ASCA3 | Asarum caudatum | wild ginger | moist |
ASAP | Aster apigenus | alpine aster | high |
ASLE | Aster ledophyllus | Cascades aster | dry |
ATFI | Athyrium filix-femina | ladyfern | wet, warm |
BASA | Balsamorhiza saggitata | arrowleaf balsamroot | semi-arid |
BEAQ | Berberis aquifolium | tall Oregon grape | widespread |
BENE | Berberis nervosa | Oregon grape | widespread |
BLSP | Blechnum spicant | deer fern | wet |
BRTE | Bromus tectorum | cheatgrass | weed, arid land |
CABU | Calypso bulbosa | calypso orchid | acid |
CAQU | Camassia quamash | camas | meadows |
CASC | Campanula scouleri | scouler's bluebell | |
CAAQ | Carex aquatilus | water sege | wet |
CANI | Carex nigricans | black alpine sedge | late-snow melt |
CAOB | Carex obnupta | slough sedge | |
CASP | Carex spectabilis | showy sedge | |
CAME | Cassiope mertensiana | white heather | acid |
CAPA | Castilleja parviflora | smallflower paintsrush | meadows |
CEVE | Ceanothus velutinus | snowbush ceanothus | pioneer |
CHNO | Chamaecyparis nootkatensis | Alaska yellow cedar | high-elevation |
CHME | Chimaphila menziesii | little prince's pine | acid |
CHUM | Chimaphila umbellata | prince's pine | acid |
CHNA | Chrysothamnus nauseosus | rubber rabbitbrush | sagebrush |
CIAL | Circaea alpina | alpine circaea | wet, high |
CIAR | Cirsium arvense | Canada thistle | |
CLUN | Clintonia uniflora | Queencup beadlily | cool, mesic |
COLA | Coptis laciniata | cutleaf goldthread | |
COMA | Corallorhiza maculata | coralroot | saprophyte |
COCA | Cornus canadensis | bunchberry dogwood | cool, mesic |
CONU | Cornus nuttallii | (Pacific) dogwood | warm, dry |
COST | Cornus stolonifera | red-osier dogwood | swamp |
COCO2 | Corylus cornuta var. californica | California hazel | warm, dry |
DIFO | Dicentra formosa | bleeding heart | moist |
DIHO | Disporum hookeri | fairybells | mesic |
DISP | Distichlis spicata | coastal salt grass | saline |
DIST | Distichlis stricta | salt grass | saline |
DOJE | Dodecatheon pulchellum | shootingstar | moist |
DRAU2 | Dryopteris austriaca | mountain woodfern | moist |
EMNI | Elymus cinereus | giant wildrye | desert |
EMNI | Empetrum nigrum | black crowberry | high, acid |
EPAN | Epilobium angustifolium | fireweed | clearcuts |
EQAR | Equisetum arvense | common horsetail | weed |
EQTE | Equisetum telmateia | giant horsetail | moist |
ERAU | Erigeron aureus | golden fleabane | alpine |
ERIOG | Eriogonum spp. | buckwheats | |
ERIOP | Eriophorum spp. | cotton grass | wet meadow |
FEID | Festuca idahoensis | Idaho fescue | steppe |
FEVI | Festuca viridula | green fescue | Subalpine |
FRAGA | Fragaria spp. | strawberry | dry |
GAOR | Galium oreganum | Oregon bedstraw | |
GATR | Galium triflorum | sweetscented bedstraw | mesic |
GAOV | Gaultheria ovatifolia | wintergreen | acid |
GASH | Gaultheria shallon | salal | warm, dry, acid |
GOOB | Goodyera oblongifolia | rattlesnake plantain | acid |
GYDR | Gymnocarpium dryopteris | oak fern | wet |
HELA | Heracleum lanatum | common cowparsnip | moist |
HIAL | Hieracium albiflorum | white hawkweed | warm, dry |
HODI | Holodiscus discolor | creambush oceanspray | hot, dry |
HYMO | Hypopitys monotropa | pinesap | cool |
HYTE | Hydrophyllum tenuipes | Pacific waterleaf | wet |
IRTE | Iris tenax | Oregon iris | warm |
JUCO4 | Juniperus communis | common juniper | harsh |
KOCR | Koeleria cristata | prairie junegrass | sandy |
LAMU | Lactuca muralis | wall lettuce | warm, moist |
LALY | Larix lyallii | subalpine larch | alpine, moist |
LAOC | Larix occidentalis | western larch | fire |
LAPO | Lathyrus polyphyllus | leafy peavine | warm, dry |
LEGR | Ledum groenlandicum | Labrador tea | acid swamp |
LIBO | Linnaea borealis | twinflower | widespread, mesic |
LIBO2 | Listera borealis | twayblade | acid |
LOMA | Lomatium martindalei | few-flowered lomatium | dry |
LUPE | Luetkea pectinata | luetkea | Subalpine |
LULA | Lupinus latifolius | broadleaf lupine | moist |
LULE | Lupinus lepidus | Lyall's lupine | subalpine |
LYAM | Lysichitum americanum | skunkcabbage | wet |
MADI2 | Maianthemum dilatatum | false lily-of-the-valley | moist |
MEFE | Menziesia ferruginea | rusty leaf | cool |
MILE | Mimulus lewisii | Lewis monkeyflower | Wet |
MIBR | Mitella brewerii | Brewer mitrewort | moist, wet |
MOSI | Montia siberica | western springbeauty | moist |
OECE | Oemleria cerasiformis | Indian plum | warm |
OPHO | Oplopanax horridum | devil's club | wet |
ORHY | Orysopsis hymenoides | Indian ricegrass | sandy |
OSCH | Osmorhiza chilensis | sweet cicely | (mountain) mesic |
OXOR | Oxalis oregana | Oregonn oxalis | moist, warm |
PAMY | Pachistima myrsinites | Oregon boxwood | Widespread |
PERA | Pedicularis racemosa | sickletop pedicularis | |
PEDIC | Pedicularis spp. | louseworts | moist |
PHAR | Phalaris arundinacea | reed canary grass | marsh |
PHDI | Phlox diffusa | spreading phlox | dry, subalpine |
PHEM | Phyllodoce empetriformis | red heather | acid, subalpine |
PHGL | Phyllodoce glanduliflora | yellow heather | high, moist |
PIEN | Picea engemannii | Engelman spruce | Montane |
PISI | Picea sitchensis | Sitka spruce | coastal |
PIAL | Pinus albicaulis | whitebark pine | high elevations, dry |
PICO | Pinus contorta | lodgepole pine | cold, dry |
PIMO | Pinus monticola | western white pine | cool |
PIPO | Pinus ponderosa | ponderosa pine | dry |
POA | Poa spp. | bluegrass | |
POCU | Poa cusickii | Cusick bluegrass | subalpine |
POSA | Poa sandbergii | Sandberg's bluegrass | sagebrush |
POBI | Polygonum bistortoies | American bistort | meadows |
POMU | Polystichum munitum | sward fern | mesic, widespread |
POTR2 | Populus trichocarpa | black cottonwood | moist (or cold) |
POFR | Potentilla fruiticosa | shrubby cinquefoil | widespread |
POGR | Potentilla gracilis | beauty cinquefoil | |
PSME | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir | widespread |
PTAQ | Pteridium aquilinum | bracken fern | disturbance |
PUTR | Purshia tridentata | bitterbush | cool, acid |
PYAS | Pyrola assarifolia | alpine pyrola | |
PYPI | Pyrola picta | whitevein pyrola | |
PYSE | Pyrola secunda | sidebells pyrola | cool to cold |
PYROL | Pyrola spp. | pyrolas | |
QUGA | Quercus garryana | Oregon white oak | hot, dry, prairie |
RHAL | Rhododendron albiflorum | bigleaf rhododendron | cold, wet |
RHMA | Rhododendron macrophyllum | Pacific rhododendron | dry, coastal |
RHDI | Rhus diversiloba | poison oak | warm, dry |
RILA | Ribes lacustre | prickly currant | moist |
ROGY | Rosa gymnocarpa | little baldhip rose | mesic, dry |
RONU | Rosa nuktata | Nootka rose | |
ROWO | Rosa woodsii | Wood's rose | |
RULA | Rubus lasiococcus | dwarf blackberry | |
RULE | Rubus leucodermis | whitebark blackberry | weedy |
RUNI | Rubus nevalis | snow dewberry | |
RUPA | Rubus parviflorus | thimble berry | dry, open |
RUPE | Rubus pedatus | five leaf bramble | cool forests |
RUSP | Rubus spectabilis | salmonberry | moist |
RUUR | Rubus ursinus | trailing blackberry | mesic |
SAVI | Salicornia virginica | coastal pickleweed | saline |
SARA | Sambucus racemosa | red elderberry | moist |
SAVE | Sarcobatus vermiculatus | black greasewood | alkaline |
SAAM | Saussurea americana | saussurea | Subalpine |
SAME | Saxifraga mertensiana | Mertens saxifrage | moist |
SATD | Saxifraga tolmiei | Tolmie saxifrage | subalpine |
SIAC | Silene acaulis | moss campion | Subalpine |
SMRA | Smilacina racemosa | false Solomon's seal | mesic, warm |
SMST | Smilacina stellata | star-flowered Solomon's seal | mesic |
SOSP | Solidago spathulata | coast goldenrod | |
SOSI | Sorbus sitchensis | Sitka mountain ash | cool |
SPBE | Spiraea betulifolia | shineyleaf spirea | dry |
SPDO | Spiraea douglasii | hard hack | swamps |
STCO2 | Stachys cooleyi | betony | wet |
STRO | Sterptopus amplexicaulis | purple twistedstalk | |
STCO | Stipa comata | needle and thread | dry |
SYAL | Symphoricarpos albus | common snowberry | widespread |
SYMO | Symphoricarpos mollis | trailing snowberry | warm |
TABR | Taxus brevifolia | Pacific yew | warm, +/- dry |
THPL | Thuja plicata | western red cedar | widespread |
TITR | Tiarella trifoliata | foam flower | moist |
TOME | Tolmiea menziesii | piggy-back plant | warm, moist |
TORTU | Tortula spp. | tortulas | |
TRLA2 | Trientalis latifolia | starflower | mesic |
TROV | Trillium ovatum | white trillium | |
TSHE | Tsuga heterophylla | western hemlock | widespread |
TSME | Tsuga mertensiana | mountain hemlock | cold |
VAAL | Vaccinium alaskense | Alaska huckleberry | cool, moist |
VAME | Vaccinium membranaceus | big huckleberry | cool |
VAOV | Vaccinium ovalifolium | oval-leaf huckleberry | cool, moist |
VAOV2 | Vaccinium ovatum | evergreen huckleberry | drier forests |
VAPA | Vaccinium parvifolium | red huckleberry | widespread |
VASC | Vaccinium scoparium | grouse huckleberry | cool, dry |
VASI | Valeriana sitchensis | Sitka valerian | moist |
VAHE | Vancouveria hexandra | inside-out flower | moist, mesic |
VEVI | Veratrum viride | American false hellebore | moist |
VICIA | Vicia spp. | vetch | dry, warm |
VIGL | Viola glabella | wood violet | moist |
VISE | Viola sempervirens | redwoods violet | mesic |
XETE | Xerophyllum tenax | common beargrass | cool, dry |
Tolerance ranges for moisture, shade conditions and successional status are estimates for the normal range of the species.
D=dry; M=mesic; F=Fresh; H=wet to hydric
L=lowland (< 2000 ft west of Cascades, 3000 ft east of Cascades); M=mid-elevations, montane; H=subalpine to alpine)
H=high, grows well in shade (tolerant); M=moderate, grows well in partial shade, open forests; L=low, grows best in full sunlight (intolerant)
P=able to pioneer newly available habitats; S=grows best before dominant species fully develop; C=climax, reproductive in mature vegetation
R=N-rich soils; M=N-medium soils; P=N-poor soils.
Species | Moisture | Elevation | Shade | Succession | Nut | Comments | ||||||||||
X | D | M | F | H | L | M | H | H | M | L | P | S | C | R/P | ||
Trees | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abies amabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal climax dominant | |||||||
Abies grandis | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Scattered on Puget Sound | ||||||||
Abies lasiocarpa | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Persists once established | ||||||
Abies procera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Mid-elevation seral | |||||||||
Acer circinatum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | |||||||
Acer macrophyllum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Sprouts | |||||||||
Alnus rubra | x | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Past fire, clearcuts | |||||
Arbutus menziesii | x | x | x | x | x | M | Sadny bluffs | |||||||||
Betula papyrifera | x | x | x | x | x | x | River bottoms | |||||||||
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Low elevations in cold sites | ||||||||
Chrysolepis chyrsophuylla | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Rare in Washington | ||||||||
Cornus nuttallii | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Forest margins/gaps | ||||||||
Fraxinus latifolia | x | x | x | x | x | x | Wet lowlands | |||||||||
Larix lyallii | x | x | x | x | x | x | Timberlines | |||||||||
Larix occidentalis | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | Fire response species | ||||||||
Picea engemannii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Moist valleys/timber lines | |||||||
Picea sitchensis | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
Pinus albicaulis | x | x | x | x | x | x | Dry timberline | |||||||||
Pinus contorta var. contorta | x | x | - | - | x | x | x | Exposed sites/bogs | ||||||||
Pinus contorta var. latifolia | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Fire response | ||||||
Pinus monticola | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Near bogs/open slopes | ||||||
Pinus ponderosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
Populus tremuloides | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Seeds/wet spots | |||||||||
Populus balsaminifera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Bottomlands | |||||||
Prurus emarginata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Margins & gaps | |||||||
Pseudotsuga menziesii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | |||||||
Quercus garryana | x | x | x | x | x | x | Prairies/valleys | |||||||||
Taxus brevifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Shrub/tree | |||||||
Thuja plicata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Swamps/uplands | |||||||
Tsuga heterophylla | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | |||||||
Tsuga mertensiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
Shrubs | ||||||||||||||||
Alnus sinuata | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Avalanche chutes | |||||||
Amelanchier alnifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open forests | ||||||||
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Excellent ground cover | |||||
Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolia | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Ornamental | ||||||
Berberis nervosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Sub-dominant | ||||||
Berberis repens | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | East Cascades | |||||||
Cassiope mertensiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Acid soils/dominant | ||||||||
Ceanothus velutinus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | N-fixer: Fire response | ||||||
Chimaphila umbellata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Saprophytic | |||||||
Cornus stolonifera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Riparian/wetlands | ||||||||
Corylus cornuta | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Ornamental | |||||||
Gaultheria shallon | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Co-dominant | |||||
Grindelia integrifolia | x | x | x | x | x | P | Salt tolerant; dunes | |||||||||
Holodiscus discolor | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Open forests | ||||||
Juniperus communis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Mat-forming | ||||||
Kalmia occidentalis | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Bogs & swamps | |||||||||
Ledum groenlandicum | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Bogs | ||||||||
Linnaea borealis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | |||||||
Lonicera ciliosa | x | x | x | x | x | M | Vine in conifers | |||||||||
Lonicera involucrata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Often riparian | ||||||
Menziesia ferruginea | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Often in peats | ||||||||
Oemleria cerasiformis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Deciduous forests | ||||||||
Oplopanax horridum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Seeps/springs | |||||
Pachistima myrsinites | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Co-dominant | ||||||
Philadelphus lewisii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Rocky soils | |||||||
Phyllodoce empetriformis | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Acid soils/dominant | |||||
Phyllodoce glanduliflora | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Alpine acid soils | ||||||||
Physocarpus capitatus | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Forest edges/brush | |||||||||
Prunus emarginata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Short-lived in forest | |||||||
Rhamnus purshiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Understory dominant | ||||||||
Rhododendron albiflorum | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Understory dominant | ||||||||
Rhododendron macrophyllum | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Dominant in NE Olympics | ||||||||
Rhus diversiloba | x | x | x | x | x | x | Skin irritant | |||||||||
Ribes bracteosum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Drier riparian zones | |||||||
Ribes lacustre | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Moist woods | |||||||
Ribes sanguineum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Ornamental | |||||||
Rosa gymnocarpa | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Brush/rocky sites | |||||||||
Rosa nuktata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Reclamation | |||||
Rosa woodsii | x | x | x | x | x | x | East Cascades | |||||||||
Rubus parviflorus | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | Montane meadows | |||||||
Rubus spectabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Wet forests/swamps | ||||||
Salix hookeriana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Wetlands | ||||||
Salix lasiandra | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Wetlands | |||||||
Salix scouleriana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Facultative | |||||||
Sambucus racemosa | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Co-dominant | |||||||||
Sorbus sitchensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Subalpine forests | |||||||
Spiraea betulifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open/rocky sites | ||||||||
Spiraea douglasii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Bogs, stream sides | ||||||||
Symphoricarpos albus | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Reclamation | |||||
Vaccinium alaskense | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Acid soils | |||||||
Vaccinium membranaceus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Acid soils | ||||||||
Vaccinium ovatum | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Drier forests | ||||||||
Vaccinium parvifolium | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Often on stumps | |||||
Viburunum edule | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | |||||||||
Lower plants | ||||||||||||||||
Adiantum pedatum | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Often in seeps | ||||||
Aspidotis densa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | In rocks | ||||||||
Athyrium filix-femina | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Often in wetlands | ||||||
Blechnum spicant | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Sub-dominant/conifers | |||||||
Crytogramma crispa | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | In rocks | ||||||
Dryopteris austriaca | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Often rotten logs | |||||||||
Equisetum hymenale | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Marshy sites | ||||||
Equisetum telmateia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | |||||||||
Gymnocarpium dryopteris | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | ||||||||
Polypodium glycyrhiza | x | x | x | xx | x | x | Usually epiphytic | |||||||||
Polystichum munitum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Understory dominant | ||||||
Pteridium aquilinum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Disturbed/open sites | ||||||||
Graminoids | ||||||||||||||||
Agrypyron spicatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R/P | Steppe/serpentine | ||||||
Agrostis diegoensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | High dry meadows | |||||||
Carex aquatilus | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Emergent wetlands | |||||||
Carex geyeri | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Dry forest understory | |||||||
Carex mertensiana | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Dry meadows | |||||||
Carex nigricans | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Late snow melt | ||||||||
Carex obnupta | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Swamps; marshes | ||||||||
Carex spectabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Often dominant | |||||||||
Elymus cinereus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Mildly saline sites | |||||||||
Eriophorum agustifolium | x | xx | x | x | x | High wet medows | ||||||||||
Glyceria spp. | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Forested wetlands | |||||||
Poa cusickii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
Poa curtifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Serpentine endemic | ||||||||
Other monocotyledonae | ||||||||||||||||
Allium cernuum | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Widely distributed | |||||||
Allium crenulatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Talus/scree | ||||||||
Calypso bulbosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Acid soil | ||||||||
Camassia quamash | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Prairies; steppe | |||||||
Clintonia uniflora | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Open dry forests | ||||||||
Coralorhiza spp. (Coral root) | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Saprophytic | |||||||||
Disporum smithii | x | x | Xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Usually moist forest | ||||||
Erythronium grandiflorum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Drier slopes to treeline | |||||||
Erythronium montanum | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Subalpine meadows | |||||||
Fritillaria lanceolata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Prairies/rocks | ||||||
Goodyera oblongifolia | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Deep litter | |||||
Lilium columbianum | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Often disturbed | |||||||
Listera spp. | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | var. varied | |||||||
Lysichitum americanum | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Swamps/bogs | |||||||||
Maianthemum dilatatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Dominates patches | ||||||
Sisyrinchium douglasii | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Spring-wet sites | ||||||
Smilacina racemosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Mesic forests | |||||||
Sterptopus amplexicaulis | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Moist woods/streams | ||||||
Trillium ovatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Early flowering | |||||||
Veratrum viride | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Meadows | ||||||||
Xerophyllum tenax | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | ||||||||
Zigadenus venenosus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Prairies/steppes | ||||||||
Other dicotyledonae | ||||||||||||||||
Achlys triphylla | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open conifer forests | |||||||
Aconitum columbianum | x | xx | x | x | x | Meadows/late melt | ||||||||||
Aquilegia formosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Seeps/high meadows | |||||||
Arenaria capillaris | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Fellfields/meadows | ||||||||
Armeria macrophylla | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open forests | |||||||||
Armeria maritima | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Bluffs and dunes | ||||||||
Asarum caudatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Dense forests | |||||||
Caltha leptosepala | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Bogs, marshes | ||||||||
Campanula rotundifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
Castilleja miniata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Semi-parasitic | |||||||
Cornus unalaschkensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Can be dominant | |||||||
Corydalis scouleri | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | Moist forests | |||||||
Delphinium glarosum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Drier meadows | |||||||
Dicentra formosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Tends to ruderal | ||||||||
Dodecatheon pulchellum | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Seasonally wet | ||||||||
Douglasia laevigata | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Coastal bluffs/subalpi e | |||||||
Douglasia nivalis | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Open slopes | ||||||||
Dryas octopetalla | x | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine (N-fixer) | |||||||||
Epilobium angustifolium | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | R | Strong invader | ||||||||
Fragaria vesca | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Dunes | ||||||
Galium triflorum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Disturbed forests | ||||||
Heracleum lanatum | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Meadows | |||||||||
Lathyrus polyphyllus | x | x | xx | x | x | R | Woods/prairies | |||||||||
Linnaea borealis | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | May dominate | |||||||
Lomatium martindalei | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Talus/trampled sites | |||||||||
Luetkea pectinata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Snow/talus/mudflows | ||||||
Lupinus latifolius | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
Lupinus lepidus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Subalpine/alpine sites | |||||||
Lupinus polyphyllus | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Montane meadows | |||||||||
Mimulus lewisii | x | xx | x | x | x | Stream margins | ||||||||||
Mittella brewerii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Stream margins | ||||||||
Montia siberica | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Ruderal | |||||||||
Oxalis oregana | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | |||||||||
Pedicularis spp. | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Five common species | |||||
Phlox diffusa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Fellfields | |||||||||
Polygonum bistortoies | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Moist meadows | ||||||||
Polygonum newberryi | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | ||||||||
Potentilla glandulosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | |||||||||
Pterospora andromeda | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Saprophyte | |||||||
Pyrola secunda | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Dominant | |||||||
Rubus lasiococcus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Conifers | |||||||
Rubus pedatus | x | x | x | x | P | |||||||||||
Rubus ursinus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Disturbed sites | ||||||||
Saxifraga tolmiei | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Rocky sites | ||||||||
Sedum spp. | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Several species | ||||||
Silene acaulis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine meadows | |||||||
Spraugea umbellata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Colonist | ||||||||
Tellima grandiflora | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Disturbed sites | ||||||||
Thalictrum occidentale | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Moist forests | ||||||
Tiarella trifoliata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open forests | |||||||
Tolmiea menziesii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Deciduous forests | ||||||||
Trientalis latifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Coniferous forests | |||||||||
Valeriana sitchensis | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | Meadows | ||||||||
Viola glabella | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Moist woods | |||||||
Viola sempervirens | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Creeper/moist woods | ||||||
Asteraceae | ||||||||||||||||
Achillea millefolium | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Disturbances | ||||||
Adenocaulon bicolor | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open forests/trails | |||||||
Anaphalis margaritacea | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Ruderal/clearcuts | |||||||
Antennaria lanata | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Late snow melt | ||||||||
Arnica apigenus | x | xx | x | x | M | |||||||||||
Aster apigenus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Lush meadows | ||||||||
Balsamorhiza saggitata | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Forest edge/steppe | ||||||||
Cirsium edule | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Open forests | |||||||
Erigeron aureus | x | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine meadows | |||||||||
Erigeron peregrinus | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Subalpine meadows | |||||||
Petasites frigidus | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Ephemeral wet areas | |||||||||
Senecio triangularis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Streamsides | |||||||||
Solidago spathulata | x | x | x | x | P | Coastal dune |