(Upload on December 3 2012) [ 日本語 | English ]
Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily
[Characteristics, Forest zones of the Cascades, Wetalnd vegetation in Washington, TRI code
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Table. Code, scientific name, common name and general indicator value of important species in Washington. Code. Scientific name (Common name): Indicator value ABAM Abies amabilis (Pacific silver fir): cool ABGR Abies grandis (grand fir): warm, dry ABLA2 Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir): very cold ABPR Abies procera (noble fir): cool ACCI Acer circinatum (vine-maple): moist, warm ACGL Acer glabrum (Rocky Mt. vine-maple): moist, cool ACMA Acer macrophyllum (big-leaf maple): warm, wet ACMI Achillea millefolium (western yarrow): dry ACTR Achlys triphylla (vanilla leaf): widespread, mesic ACRU Actaea rubra (baneberry): moist ADBI Adenocaulon bicolor (trail plant): warm, mesic-dry ADPE Adiantum pedatum (maidenhair fern): wet, warm AGSP Agropyron spicatum (bluebunch wheatgrass): arid ALCR Allium crenulatum (Olympic onion): talus ALRU Alnus rubra (red alder): moist ALSI Alnus sinuata (mountain alder): avalanche chutes AMAL Amelanchier alnifolia (service berry): hot, dry ANDE Anemone deltoidea (three-leaved anemone): widespread ANLY Anemone lyallii (nine-leaved anemone): moist ANLA Antennaria lanata (wooly everlasting): dry, high ARCA Aralia californica (California aralia): moist AQFU Aquilegia formosa (Sitka columbine): moist ARME Arbutus menziesii (madrono): hot, dry ARNE Arctostaphylos nevadensis (pine-mat manzanita): warm, dry ARUV Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (kinnikinik): harsh ARCA2 Arenaria capillaris (mountain sandwort): sandy ARMA3 Armeria macrophylla (bigleaf sandwort): dry ARCC Arnica cordifolia (heartleaf arnica): moist ARLA Arnica latifolia (broadleaf arnica): moist ARTR Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush): arid ARTR2 Artemisia tripartita (threetip sagebrush): dry ARRI Artemisia rigida (Stiff sagebrush): shallow soil, arid ASCA3 Asarum caudatum (wild ginger): moist ASAP Aster apigenus (alpine aster): high ASLE Aster ledophyllus (Cascades aster): dry ATFI Athyrium filix-femina (ladyfern): wet, warm BASA Balsamorhiza saggitata (arrowleaf balsamroot): semi-arid BEAQ Berberis aquifolium (tall Oregon grape): widespread BENE Berberis nervosa (Oregon grape): widespread BLSP Blechnum spicant (deer fern): wet BRTE Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass): weed, arid land CABU Calypso bulbosa (calypso orchid): acid CAQU Camassia quamash (camas): meadows CASC Campanula scouleri (scouler's bluebell) CAAQ Carex aquatilus (water sege): wet CANI Carex nigricans (black alpine sedge): late-snow melt CAOB Carex obnupta (slough sedge) CASP Carex spectabilis (showy sedge) CAME Cassiope mertensiana (white heather): acid CAPA Castilleja parviflora (smallflower paintsrush): meadows CEVE Ceanothus velutinus (snowbush ceanothus): pioneer CHNO Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Alaska yellow cedar): high-elevation CHME Chimaphila menziesii (little prince's pine): acid CHUM Chimaphila umbellata (prince's pine): acid CHNA Chrysothamnus nauseosus (rubber rabbitbrush): sagebrush CIAL Circaea alpina (alpine circaea): wet, high CIAR Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) CLUN Clintonia uniflora (Queencup beadlily): cool, mesic COLA Coptis laciniata (cutleaf goldthread) COMA Corallorhiza maculata (coralroot): saprophyte COCA Cornus canadensis (bunchberry dogwood): cool, mesic CONU Cornus nuttallii (Pacific dogwood): warm, dry COST Cornus stolonifera (red-osier dogwood): swamp COCO2 Corylus cornuta var. californica (California hazel): warm, dry DIFO Dicentra formosa (bleeding heart): moist DIHO Disporum hookeri (fairybells): mesic DISP Distichlis spicata (coastal salt grass): saline DIST Distichlis stricta (salt grass): saline DOJE Dodecatheon pulchellum (shootingstar): moist DRAU2 Dryopteris austriaca (mountain woodfern): moist ELCI Elymus cinereus (giant wildrye): desert EMNI Empetrum nigrum (black crowberry): high, acid EPAN Epilobium angustifolium (fireweed): clearcuts EQAR Equisetum arvense (common horsetail): weed EQTE Equisetum telmateia (giant horsetail): moist ERAU Erigeron aureus (golden fleabane): alpine ERIOG Eriogonum spp. (buckwheats) ERIOP Eriophorum spp. (cotton grass): wet meadow FEID Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue): steppe FEVI Festuca viridula (green fescue): subalpine FRAGA Fragaria spp. (strawberry): dry GAOR Galium oreganum (Oregon bedstraw) GATR Galium triflorum (sweetscented bedstraw): mesic GAOV Gaultheria ovatifolia (wintergreen): acid GASH Gaultheria shallon (salal): warm, dry, acid GOOB Goodyera oblongifolia (rattlesnake plantain): acid GYDR Gymnocarpium dryopteris (oak fern): wet HELA Heracleum lanatum (common cowparsnip): moist HIAL Hieracium albiflorum (white hawkweed): warm, dry HODI Holodiscus discolor (creambush oceanspray): hot, dry HYMO Hypopitys monotropa (pinesap): cool HYTE Hydrophyllum tenuipes (Pacific waterleaf): wet IRTE Iris tenax (Oregon iris): warm JUCO4 Juniperus communis (common juniper): harsh KOCR Koeleria cristata (prairie junegrass): sandy LAMU Lactuca muralis (wall lettuce): warm, moist LALY Larix lyallii (subalpine larch): alpine, moist LAOC Larix occidentalis (western larch): fire LAPO Lathyrus polyphyllus (leafy peavine): warm, dry LEGR Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador tea): acid swamp LIBO Linnaea borealis (twinflower): widespread, mesic LIBO2 Listera borealis (twayblade): acid |
LUPE Luetkea pectinata (luetkea): subalpine LULA Lupinus latifolius (broadleaf lupine): moist LULE Lupinus lepidus (Lyall's lupine): subalpine LYAM Lysichitum americanum (skunkcabbage): wet MADI2 Maianthemum dilatatum (false lily-of-the-valley): moist MEFE Menziesia ferruginea (rusty leaf): cool MILE Mimulus lewisii (Lewis monkeyflower): wet MIBR Mitella brewerii (Brewer mitrewort): moist, wet MOSI Montia siberica (western springbeauty): moist OECE Oemleria cerasiformis (Indian plum): warm OPHO Oplopanax horridum (devil's club): wet ORHY Orysopsis hymenoides (Indian ricegrass): sandy OSCH Osmorhiza chilensis (sweet cicely): (mountain) mesic OXOR Oxalis oregana (Oregonn oxalis): moist, warm PAMY Pachistima myrsinites (Oregon boxwood): widespread PERA Pedicularis racemosa (sickletop pedicularis) PEDIC Pedicularis spp. (louseworts): moist PHAR Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass): marsh PHDI Phlox diffusa (spreading phlox): dry, subalpine PHEM Phyllodoce empetriformis (red heather): acid, subalpine PHGL Phyllodoce glanduliflora (yellow heather): high, moist PIEN Picea engemannii (Engelman spruce): montane PISI Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce): coastal PIAL Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine): high elevations, dry PICO Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine): cold, dry PIMO Pinus monticola (western white pine): cool PIPO Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine): dry POA Poa spp. (bluegrass) POCU Poa cusickii (Cusick bluegrass): subalpine POSA Poa sandbergii (Sandberg's bluegrass): sagebrush POBI Polygonum bistortoies (American bistort): meadows POMU Polystichum munitum (sward fern): mesic, widespread POTR2 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood): moist (or cold) POFR Potentilla fruiticosa (shrubby cinquefoil): widespread POGR Potentilla gracilis (beauty cinquefoil) PSME Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir): widespread PTAQ Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern): disturbance PUTR Purshia tridentata (bitterbush): cool, acid PYAS Pyrola assarifolia (alpine pyrola) PYPI Pyrola picta (whitevein pyrola) PYSE Pyrola secunda (sidebells pyrola): cool to cold PYROL Pyrola spp. (pyrolas) QUGA Quercus garryana (Oregon white oak): hot, dry, prairie RHAL Rhododendron albiflorum (bigleaf rhododendron): cold, wet RHMA Rhododendron macrophyllum (Pacific rhododendron): dry, coastal RHDI Rhus diversiloba (poison oak): warm, dry RILA Ribes lacustre (prickly currant): moist ROGY Rosa gymnocarpa (little baldhip rose): mesic, dry RONU Rosa nuktata (Nootka rose) ROWO Rosa woodsii (Wood's rose) RULA Rubus lasiococcus (dwarf blackberry) RULE Rubus leucodermis (whitebark blackberry): weedy RUNI Rubus nevalis (snow dewberry) RUPA Rubus parviflorus (thimble berry): dry, open RUPE Rubus pedatus (five leaf bramble): cool forests RUSP Rubus spectabilis (salmonberry): moist RUUR Rubus ursinus (trailing blackberry): mesic SAVI Salicornia virginica (coastal pickleweed): saline SARA Sambucus racemosa (red elderberry): moist SAVE Sarcobatus vermiculatus (black greasewood): alkaline SAAM Saussurea americana (saussurea): subalpine SAME Saxifraga mertensiana (Mertens saxifrage): moist SATD Saxifraga tolmiei (Tolmie saxifrage): subalpine SIAC Silene acaulis (moss campion): subalpine SMRA Smilacina racemosa (false Solomon's seal): mesic, warm SMST Smilacina stellata (star-flowered Solomon's seal): mesic SOSP Solidago spathulata (coast goldenrod) SOSI Sorbus sitchensis (Sitka mountain ash): cool SPBE Spiraea betulifolia (shineyleaf spirea): dry SPDO Spiraea douglasii (hard hack): swamps STCO2 Stachys cooleyi (betony): wet STRO Sterptopus amplexicaulis (purple twistedstalk) STCO Stipa comata (needle and thread): dry SYAL Symphoricarpos albus (common snowberry): widespread SYMO Symphoricarpos mollis (trailing snowberry): warm TABR Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew): warm, +/- dry THPL Thuja plicata (western red cedar): widespread TITR Tiarella trifoliata (foam flower): moist TOME Tolmiea menziesii (piggy-back plant): warm, moist TORTU Tortula spp. (tortulas) TRLA2 Trientalis latifolia (starflower): mesic TROV Trillium ovatum (white trillium) TSHE Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock): widespread TSME Tsuga mertensiana (mountain hemlock): cold VAAL Vaccinium alaskense (Alaska huckleberry): cool, moist VAME Vaccinium membranaceus (big huckleberry): cool VAOV Vaccinium ovalifolium (oval-leaf huckleberry): cool, moist VAOV2 Vaccinium ovatum (evergreen huckleberry): drier forests VAPA Vaccinium parvifolium (red huckleberry): widespread VASC Vaccinium scoparium (grouse huckleberry): cool, dry VASI Valeriana sitchensis (Sitka valerian): moist VAHE Vancouveria hexandra (inside-out flower): moist, mesic VEVI Veratrum viride (American false hellebore): moist VICIA Vicia spp. (vetch): dry, warm VIGL Viola glabella (wood violet): moist VISE Viola sempervirens (redwoods violet): mesic XETE Xerophyllum tenax (common beargrass): cool, dry |
Ecological properties (Summary)Tolerance ranges for moisture, shade conditions and successional status are estimates for the normal range of the species.Moisture: D=dry; M=mesic; F=Fresh; H=wet to hydric Elevation: L=lowland (< 2000 ft west of Cascades, 3000 ft east of Cascades); M=mid-elevations, montane; H=subalpine to alpine) |
Shade Tolerance: H=high, grows well in shade (tolerant); M=moderate, grows well in partial shade, open forests; L=low, grows best in full sunlight (intolerant) Successional status: P=able to pioneer newly available habitats; S=grows best before dominant species fully develop; C=climax, reproductive in mature vegetation Nitrogen status (Nut): R=N-rich soils; M=N-medium soils; P=N-poor soils. |
| Species | Moisture | Elevation | Shade | Succession | Nut | Comments | ||||||||||
| X | D | M | F | H | L | M | H | H | M | L | P | S | C | R/P | ||
| Trees | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abies amabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal climax dominant | |||||||
| Abies grandis | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Scattered on Puget Sound | ||||||||
| Abies lasiocarpa | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Persists once established | ||||||
| Abies procera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Mid-elevation seral | |||||||||
| Acer circinatum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | |||||||
| Acer macrophyllum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Sprouts | |||||||||
| Alnus rubra | x | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Past fire, clearcuts | |||||
| Arbutus menziesii | x | x | x | x | x | M | Sadny bluffs | |||||||||
| Betula papyrifera | x | x | x | x | x | x | River bottoms | |||||||||
| Chamaecyparis nootkatensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Low elevations in cold sites | ||||||||
| Chrysolepis chyrsophuylla | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Rare in Washington | ||||||||
| Cornus nuttallii | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Forest margins/gaps | ||||||||
| Fraxinus latifolia | x | x | x | x | x | x | Wet lowlands | |||||||||
| Larix lyallii | x | x | x | x | x | x | Timberlines | |||||||||
| Larix occidentalis | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | Fire response species | ||||||||
| Picea engemannii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Moist valleys/timber lines | |||||||
| Picea sitchensis | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
| Pinus albicaulis | x | x | x | x | x | x | Dry timberline | |||||||||
| Pinus contorta var. contorta | x | x | - | - | x | x | x | Exposed sites/bogs | ||||||||
| Pinus contorta var. latifolia | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Fire response | ||||||
| Pinus monticola | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Near bogs/open slopes | ||||||
| Pinus ponderosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
| Populus tremuloides | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Seeds/wet spots | |||||||||
| Populus balsaminifera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Bottomlands | |||||||
| Prurus emarginata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Margins & gaps | |||||||
| Pseudotsuga menziesii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | |||||||
| Quercus garryana | x | x | x | x | x | x | Prairies/valleys | |||||||||
| Taxus brevifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | Shrub/tree | |||||||
| Thuja plicata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Swamps/uplands | |||||||
| Tsuga heterophylla | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | |||||||
| Tsuga mertensiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Zonal dominant | ||||||||
| Shrubs | ||||||||||||||||
| Alnus sinuata | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Avalanche chutes | |||||||
| Amelanchier alnifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open forests | ||||||||
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Excellent ground cover | |||||
| Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolia | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Ornamental | ||||||
| Berberis nervosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Sub-dominant | ||||||
| Berberis repens | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | East Cascades | |||||||
| Cassiope mertensiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Acid soils/dominant | ||||||||
| Ceanothus velutinus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | N-fixer: Fire response | ||||||
| Chimaphila umbellata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Saprophytic | |||||||
| Cornus stolonifera | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Riparian/wetlands | ||||||||
| Corylus cornuta | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Ornamental | |||||||
| Gaultheria shallon | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Co-dominant | |||||
| Grindelia integrifolia | x | x | x | x | x | P | Salt tolerant; dunes | |||||||||
| Holodiscus discolor | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Open forests | ||||||
| Juniperus communis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Mat-forming | ||||||
| Kalmia occidentalis | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Bogs & swamps | |||||||||
| Ledum groenlandicum | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Bogs | ||||||||
| Linnaea borealis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | |||||||
| Lonicera ciliosa | x | x | x | x | x | M | Vine in conifers | |||||||||
| Lonicera involucrata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Often riparian | ||||||
| Menziesia ferruginea | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Often in peats | ||||||||
| Oemleria cerasiformis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Deciduous forests | ||||||||
| Oplopanax horridum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Seeps/springs | |||||
| Pachistima myrsinites | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Co-dominant | ||||||
| Philadelphus lewisii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Rocky soils | |||||||
| Phyllodoce empetriformis | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Acid soils/dominant | |||||
| Phyllodoce glanduliflora | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Alpine acid soils | ||||||||
| Physocarpus capitatus | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Forest edges/brush | |||||||||
| Prunus emarginata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Short-lived in forest | |||||||
| Rhamnus purshiana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Understory dominant | ||||||||
| Rhododendron albiflorum | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Understory dominant | ||||||||
| Rhododendron macrophyllum | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Dominant in NE Olympics | ||||||||
| Rhus diversiloba | x | x | x | x | x | x | Skin irritant | |||||||||
| Ribes bracteosum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Drier riparian zones | |||||||
| Ribes lacustre | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Moist woods | |||||||
| Ribes sanguineum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Ornamental | |||||||
| Rosa gymnocarpa | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Brush/rocky sites | |||||||||
| Rosa nuktata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Reclamation | |||||
| Rosa woodsii | x | x | x | x | x | x | East Cascades | |||||||||
| Rubus parviflorus | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | Montane meadows | |||||||
| Rubus spectabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Wet forests/swamps | ||||||
| Salix hookeriana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Wetlands | ||||||
| Salix lasiandra | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Wetlands | |||||||
| Salix scouleriana | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Facultative | |||||||
| Sambucus racemosa | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Co-dominant | |||||||||
| Sorbus sitchensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Subalpine forests | |||||||
| Spiraea betulifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open/rocky sites | ||||||||
| Spiraea douglasii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Bogs, stream sides | ||||||||
| Symphoricarpos albus | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Reclamation | |||||
| Vaccinium alaskense | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Acid soils | |||||||
| Vaccinium membranaceus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Acid soils | ||||||||
| Vaccinium ovatum | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Drier forests | ||||||||
| Vaccinium parvifolium | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Often on stumps | |||||
| Viburunum edule | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | |||||||||
| Lower plants | ||||||||||||||||
| Adiantum pedatum | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Often in seeps | ||||||
| Aspidotis densa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | In rocks | ||||||||
| Athyrium filix-femina | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Often in wetlands | ||||||
| Blechnum spicant | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Sub-dominant/conifers | |||||||
| Crytogramma crispa | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | In rocks | ||||||
| Dryopteris austriaca | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Often rotten logs | |||||||||
| Equisetum hymenale | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Marshy sites | ||||||
| Equisetum telmateia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | |||||||||
| Gymnocarpium dryopteris | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | ||||||||
| Polypodium glycyrhiza | x | x | x | xx | x | x | Usually epiphytic | |||||||||
| Polystichum munitum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Understory dominant | ||||||
| Pteridium aquilinum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Disturbed/open sites | ||||||||
| Graminoids | ||||||||||||||||
| Agrypyron spicatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R/P | Steppe/serpentine | ||||||
| Agrostis diegoensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | High dry meadows | |||||||
| Carex aquatilus | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Emergent wetlands | |||||||
| Carex geyeri | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Dry forest understory | |||||||
| Carex mertensiana | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Dry meadows | |||||||
| Carex nigricans | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Late snow melt | ||||||||
| Carex obnupta | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Swamps; marshes | ||||||||
| Carex spectabilis | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Often dominant | |||||||||
| Elymus cinereus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Mildly saline sites | |||||||||
| Eriophorum agustifolium | x | xx | x | x | x | High wet medows | ||||||||||
| Glyceria spp. | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Forested wetlands | |||||||
| Poa cusickii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
| Poa curtifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Serpentine endemic | ||||||||
| Other monocotyledonae | ||||||||||||||||
| Allium cernuum | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Widely distributed | |||||||
| Allium crenulatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Talus/scree | ||||||||
| Calypso bulbosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Acid soil | ||||||||
| Camassia quamash | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Prairies; steppe | |||||||
| Clintonia uniflora | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Open dry forests | ||||||||
| Coralorhiza spp. (Coral root) | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Saprophytic | |||||||||
| Disporum smithii | x | x | Xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Usually moist forest | ||||||
| Erythronium grandiflorum | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Drier slopes to treeline | |||||||
| Erythronium montanum | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | M | Subalpine meadows | |||||||
| Fritillaria lanceolata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Prairies/rocks | ||||||
| Goodyera oblongifolia | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Deep litter | |||||
| Lilium columbianum | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Often disturbed | |||||||
| Listera spp. | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | var. varied | |||||||
| Lysichitum americanum | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Swamps/bogs | |||||||||
| Maianthemum dilatatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Dominates patches | ||||||
| Sisyrinchium douglasii | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Spring-wet sites | ||||||
| Smilacina racemosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Mesic forests | |||||||
| Sterptopus amplexicaulis | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Moist woods/streams | ||||||
| Trillium ovatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Early flowering | |||||||
| Veratrum viride | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Meadows | ||||||||
| Xerophyllum tenax | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | ||||||||
| Zigadenus venenosus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Prairies/steppes | ||||||||
| Other dicotyledonae | ||||||||||||||||
| Achlys triphylla | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open conifer forests | |||||||
| Aconitum columbianum | x | xx | x | x | x | Meadows/late melt | ||||||||||
| Aquilegia formosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Seeps/high meadows | |||||||
| Arenaria capillaris | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Fellfields/meadows | ||||||||
| Armeria macrophylla | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Open forests | |||||||||
| Armeria maritima | x | x | x | x | x | x | P | Bluffs and dunes | ||||||||
| Asarum caudatum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Dense forests | |||||||
| Caltha leptosepala | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Bogs, marshes | ||||||||
| Campanula rotundifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
| Castilleja miniata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Semi-parasitic | |||||||
| Cornus unalaschkensis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Can be dominant | |||||||
| Corydalis scouleri | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | Moist forests | |||||||
| Delphinium glarosum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Drier meadows | |||||||
| Dicentra formosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Tends to ruderal | ||||||||
| Dodecatheon pulchellum | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Seasonally wet | ||||||||
| Douglasia laevigata | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Coastal bluffs/subalpi e | |||||||
| Douglasia nivalis | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Open slopes | ||||||||
| Dryas octopetalla | x | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine (N-fixer) | |||||||||
| Epilobium angustifolium | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | R | Strong invader | ||||||||
| Fragaria vesca | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Dunes | ||||||
| Galium triflorum | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Disturbed forests | ||||||
| Heracleum lanatum | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Meadows | |||||||||
| Lathyrus polyphyllus | x | x | xx | x | x | R | Woods/prairies | |||||||||
| Linnaea borealis | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | May dominate | |||||||
| Lomatium martindalei | x | x | xx | x | x | P | Talus/trampled sites | |||||||||
| Luetkea pectinata | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Snow/talus/mudflows | ||||||
| Lupinus latifolius | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Subalpine meadows | ||||||||
| Lupinus lepidus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Subalpine/alpine sites | |||||||
| Lupinus polyphyllus | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Montane meadows | |||||||||
| Mimulus lewisii | x | xx | x | x | x | Stream margins | ||||||||||
| Mittella brewerii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Stream margins | ||||||||
| Montia siberica | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Ruderal | |||||||||
| Oxalis oregana | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Dominant understory | |||||||||
| Pedicularis spp. | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | P | Five common species | |||||
| Phlox diffusa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Fellfields | |||||||||
| Polygonum bistortoies | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Moist meadows | ||||||||
| Polygonum newberryi | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | ||||||||
| Potentilla glandulosa | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | |||||||||
| Pterospora andromeda | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Saprophyte | |||||||
| Pyrola secunda | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Dominant | |||||||
| Rubus lasiococcus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | M | Conifers | |||||||
| Rubus pedatus | x | x | x | x | P | |||||||||||
| Rubus ursinus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Disturbed sites | ||||||||
| Saxifraga tolmiei | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Rocky sites | ||||||||
| Sedum spp. | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Several species | ||||||
| Silene acaulis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine meadows | |||||||
| Spraugea umbellata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Colonist | ||||||||
| Tellima grandiflora | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Disturbed sites | ||||||||
| Thalictrum occidentale | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | R | Moist forests | ||||||
| Tiarella trifoliata | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open forests | |||||||
| Tolmiea menziesii | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Deciduous forests | ||||||||
| Trientalis latifolia | x | x | xx | x | x | M | Coniferous forests | |||||||||
| Valeriana sitchensis | x | x | x | x | x | x | R | Meadows | ||||||||
| Viola glabella | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | R | Moist woods | |||||||
| Viola sempervirens | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | x | M | Creeper/moist woods | ||||||
| Asteraceae | ||||||||||||||||
| Achillea millefolium | x | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | M | Disturbances | ||||||
| Adenocaulon bicolor | x | x | xx | x | x | x | x | R | Open forests/trails | |||||||
| Anaphalis margaritacea | x | x | xx | xx | x | x | x | P | Ruderal/clearcuts | |||||||
| Antennaria lanata | x | xx | x | x | x | x | P | Late snow melt | ||||||||
| Arnica apigenus | x | xx | x | x | M | |||||||||||
| Aster apigenus | x | x | xx | x | x | x | M | Lush meadows | ||||||||
| Balsamorhiza saggitata | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | Forest edge/steppe | ||||||||
| Cirsium edule | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | P | Open forests | |||||||
| Erigeron aureus | x | x | x | x | x | P | Alpine meadows | |||||||||
| Erigeron peregrinus | x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | R | Subalpine meadows | |||||||
| Petasites frigidus | x | xx | x | x | x | x | Ephemeral wet areas | |||||||||
| Senecio triangularis | x | x | xx | x | x | x | Streamsides | |||||||||
| Solidago spathulata | x | x | x | x | P | Coastal dune | ||||||||||