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(Upload on October 18 2025) [ 日本語 | English ]

Geranium L. (フウロソウ) G. macrorrhizum L., bigroot geranium G. psilostemon Ledeb., (コーカサスフウロ*), Armenian cranesbill G. sanguineum L. (アケボノフウロ) Escaped Most exotic species seen in Hokkaido are escaped G. pyrenaicum Burm. f. (ピレネーフウロ) G. robertianum L. (ヒメフウロ)

*: tentative translation

Geranium macrorrhizum L. grown in Hokkaido

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Bigroot geranium, Bulgarian geranium or rock crane's-bill Lifeform: creeping, semi-evergreen, perennial forb

Distribution: southeastern Alps - Balkans Seed dispersal: autochory (self-dispersal)

Leaf: five-lobed palmate Use: ornamental and groundcover - cultivars

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[1-3] in a flower garden on Yachidamo Park (Yachidamo = Fraxinus mandshurica), N28E4, East Ward, Sapporo, on July 1 2023.

Geranium psilostemon Ledeb. cultivated in Hokkaido

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コーカサスフウロ*, Armenian cranesbill Lifeform: perennial forb reaching up to 120 cm in height Distribution: Caucasus region, including Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and parts of southern Russia

Habitat: moist, open woodlands, mountain meadows, and subalpine slopes Use: gardening - many cultivars

Synonyms: Geranium armenum Boiss

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[1-3] outside Azabu Neurosurgical Hospital in Higashi Ward, Sapporo, on June 17 2025.