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(First upload on March 4 2009. Last on June 5 2025) [ 日本語 | English ]

Viola L. (スミレ) Sumire (スミレ, 菫), variegated violet Lifeform: deciduous forb Distribution: Japan - China Habitat: sunny to semi-shaded sites, e.g., roadsides and meadows Petiole: developing wing Seed dispersal: self + animal (ant) var. ikedaeana (W. Becker ex Taken.) F. Maek. (ホコバスミレ)

var. triangularis (Franch. et Sav.) M. Mizushima (アツバスミレ): southern Japan Leaf: thick adapted to coastal habitats f. niijimensis (Nakai) F. Maek. et T. Hashim. (ニイジマスミレ) f. pubigera Hiyama ex F.Maek. (ケアツバスミレ) f. crassa (Tatewaki) F. Maek. (アナマスミレ): coastsides from Hokkaido to central Honshu f. dispar Honda (ノコギリスミレ) f. hasegawae Hiyama (シロガネスミレ) f. plena Hort. ex F. Maek. (コモロスミレ)

Viola mandshurica in Japan

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[1] in early April 1985 at Juo Town, Kanto District, central Japan. [2/3] at a raodside of Kaogshima University, southern Kyushu, on March 19 2015. [4/5] between Heavenly Rock Cave (天岩戸) and Heaven's Peaceful Plain (天野安原) in Takachiho, Kyushu, on December 19 2024.

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var. triangularis (アツバスミレ)

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[1] close to a seacoast along a coastal trail in Oshima Park (Oshima coastal plant community) on June 8 2023.