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(First upload on July 16 2007. Last on September 16 2018) [ 日本語 | English ]

Symphytum L. (ヒレハリソウ) Hireharisou (ヒレハリソウ, 鰭玻璃草), comfrey Lifeform: deciduous perennial forb Distribution: native to Europe and east Asia (exotic to Japan, escaped) Hokkaido Blue List: A3

Habitat: roadsides, grassalnds, etc. Common in the city of Sapporo, e.g., along roads, parks, and sunny understories. You may see this species in a field trip of my lecture, HUSTEP (Hokkaido University Short-term Exchange Program) -Introduction to environmental earth science- (flora list). Chromosome number: 2n = 24, 26, 32-45, 46-48, 56 Use: edible (doubtful → poisonous)

Symphytum officinale in Hokkaido

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1 2 3 4
5 6
[1/2] in an understory on the campus of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, on June 14 2007. [3/4] location, same with the photo 1 and 2. The date is June 7 2013. [5] along a street near Toyohira Toko Store, Sapporo, on May 3 2016. [6] close to AMEDAS weather station in Horokanai Town, northern Hokkaido, on June 25 2018.

Symphytum × uplandicum Nyman in Hokkaido

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Russian comfrey or Quaker comfrey Hybrid between S. officinale and S. asperum

Lifeform: perennial forb ≈ 2 m tall Distribution: originally in the Caucasus

Habitat: waste areas and disturbed soils Chromosome number: 2n = 36

1 2 3
[1-3] on the banks of the Honkawa River, a tributary of the Satsunai River, on June 23 2025.