Plant species checklist

Table 1. Plant names mentioned in the text, first alphabetically by scientific name and then alphabetically by common name.
Important Note: Complete scientific plant names include the name(s) of those who assigned the name. For most of the vascular plants, the names provided have been taken from the University of Alaska Museum's Provisional Alaskan Flora list. We have avoided subspecific names. Most authors of the papers used in this synthesis did not provide complete plant names, and we have no way of knowing exactly what form of each was referred to.

Common name (alternate name) = Scientific name with author(s)
alder = Alnus spp.
alder, green (American green alder) = Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh
alder, thinleaf = Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.
aspen, quaking = Populus tremuloides
aspen, European = Populus tremula
bearberry (kinnikinnick) = Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel
birch = Betula spp.
birch, paper = Betula papyrifera Marshall
blueberry (bog blueberry, bog bilberry) = Vaccinium uliginosum L.
cottongrass (cottonsedge) = Eriophorum vaginatum Honck.
cottonwood, black = Populus trichocarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Brayshaw
cranberry, highbush (high bushcranberry) = Viburnum edule (Michaux) Raf.
cranberry, lowbush (lingenberry) = Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
dogwood, red-osier (American dogwood) = Cornus stolonifera

cf. Swida stolonifera (Michaux) Rydb.

Douglas-fir = Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco
feathermoss = Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt.
fireweed = Epilobium angustifolium L.
grass = Calamagrostis spp.
grass, bluejoint = Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) P. Beaux

horsetail = Equisetum arvense L.
Labrador-tea = Ledum groenlandicum Oeder
orchid, fairyslipper = Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes
pine, Scotch = Pinus sylvestris L.
plantain, rattlesnake = Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br.
poplar = Populus spp.
poplar, balsam = Populus balsamifera L.
pyrola, one-sided = Orthilia secunda (L.) House

cf. Pyrola secunda

pyrola, pink (liver-leafed wintergreen) = Pyrola asarifolia Michaux
rose, wild (prickly rose) = Rosa acicularis Lindley
spiraea, Beauverd's = Spiraea beauverdiana C. Schneider
spruce = Picea spp.
spruce, black = Picea mariana (Miller) Britton, Sterns, Pogg.
spruce, Norway = Picea abies Karst.
spruce, white = Picea glauca (Moench) Voss
tamarack (Alaska larch) = Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch
toadflax, bastard (comandra) = Geocaulon lividum (Richardson) Fern.
twin-flower = Linnaea borealis L.
willow = Salix spp.
willow, barren-ground = Salix brachycarpa Nutt.
willow, Bebb's = Salix bebbiana Sarg.
willow, diamondleaf = Salix planifolia Pursh
willow, feltleaf = Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coy
willow, greyleaf = Salix glauca L.
willow, littletree = Salix arbusculoides Andersson
willow, Pacific - cf. Salix lucida Muhl. ssp. lasiandra (Benth.) Argus

cf. Salix lasiandra

willow, park (cherry willow) = Salix monticola Bebb

(UAM list = S. pseudomonticola)

willow, sandbar = Salix interior Rowlee
willow, tall blueberry - Salix novae-angliae Andersson

Species checklist #2

Table 1. Summary ground vegetation statistics for Plot Caleen A, Arctic NWR, 1997.
Table 2. Summary ground vegetation statistics for Plot Coleen-B, Arctic NWR,1997. F = frequency.

Table 1	Cover (%)	F (%)	Table 2	Cover (%)	F (%)
COVER TYPE TOTALS			COVER TYPE TOTALS
Low shrubs	15	100	Low shrubs	13	95
Grarminoids and forbs	22	100	Graminoids and forbs	4	100
Mosses and liverworts	68	100	Mosses and liverworts	33	100
Lichens	0	0	Lichens	19	100
Dead wood litter	16	100	Dead wood litter	13	100
Leaf litter	20	100	Leaf litter	21	100
Bare ground	0	0	Bare ground	< 1	20
LOW SHRUBS			LOW SHRUBS
Linnaea borealis	11	95	Linnaea borealis	3	70
Juniperus communis	3	50	Dryas integrifolia	2	45
Shepherdia canadensis	2	50	Vaccinium vitis-idaea	1	15
			Arctostaphylos uva-ursi	1	35
GRAMINOIDS			Juniperus communis	1	10
Carex williamsii	6	65	Potentilla fruticosa	< 1	5
Carex concinna	5	95	Shepherdia canadensis	< 1	20
Grass spp.	2	70
			GRAMINOIDS
FORBS			Carex concinna	4	1
Galium boreare	2	100	Calamagrostis purpuiascens	< 1	15
Mertensia panieulata	2	95	Festuca altaica	< 1	10
Pyrola secunda	2	65
Hedysarum alpinum	1	75	FORBS
Anemone parviflora	1	65	Arctostaphylos rubra	4	40
Equiserum arvense	1	30	Equisetum scirpoides	1	80
Pyrola grandiflora	1	25	Arnica latifolia	1	45
Anemone richardsonii	1	15	Lupinus arctcus	1	45
Plantanthera obtusata	< 1	40	Menensia paniculata	< 1	15
Cypripedium passerinum	< 1	20	Anemone parviflora	< 1	10
Zygadenus elegans	< 1	55	Pyrola grandiflora	< 1	15
Unknown composite seedling	< 1	55	Stellaria sp.	< 1	5
Goodyera repens	< 1	5	Geocaulon lividum	< 1	5
Equisetum scirpoides	< 1	5	Pyrola secunda	< 1	10
Equisetum variegatum	< 1	5
Lupinus arcticus	< l	5	MOSSES & LIVERWORTS
Moneses uniflora	< 1	25	Ptilidium ciliare	12	75
Boschniakia rossica	< 1	10	Tomenthvpnurn nitens	11	90
Arctostaphylos rubra	< 1	5	Dicranum sp.	4	85
			Hypnum sp.	4	85
MOSSES & LIVERWORTS			Hylocomium splendens	1	70
Hylocomium splendens	45	95	Pohlia cruda	1	10
Tomenthypnum nitens	8	55	Distichium sp.	< 1	20
Sanionia uncinata	4	60
Brachvthecium sp.	3	40	LICHENS
Campylium sp.	1	15	Peltigera aphthosa	3	90
Unk. moss on tree base	< 1	5	Cladina arbuscula	3	80
Brachythecium sp.	< 1	10	Cladonia spp. (cupped)	2	80
Dicranum sp.	< 1	20	Cetraria cucullata	2	75
Abietinella abietina	< 1	5	Peltigera malacea	2	60
Scaponia sp.	< 1	5	Cladonia spp. (horned)	1	65
			Cladonia stellaris	1	5
			Hypogymnia physodes	1	30
			Cetraria nivalis	1	10
			Cladina rangiferina	< 1	15
			Cladonia amaurocraea	< 1	20
			Stereocaulon alpinum	< 1	15
			Cetraria laevigata	< 1	25
			Cetraria pinastre	< 1	20
			Fuscopannaria praetermissa	< 1	5
			Mushrooms	< 1	15

Columns are plant species, mean percent cover in plot based on 20 quadrats, and frequency of occurrence in plot expressed as the percentage of quadrats with that species.

Species checklist #3

Table 7. Percent cover of plant species and lifeforms for Plot Jago-A, Arctic NWR, 1997.
Table 8. Percent cover of plant species and lifeforms for Plot Jago-B, Arctic NWR, 1997.

Jago-A	Cover (%)	Jago-B	Cover (%)
TOTAL VEGETATION	120	TOTAL VEGETATION	133
SHRUBS	35	SHRUBS	39
SEDGES AND GRASSES	25	SEDGES AND GRASSES	23
FORBS	5	FORBS	8
MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS	46	MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS	61
LICHENS	13	LICHENS	5
STANDING DEAD SEDGE AND GRASS	32	STANDNG DEAD SEDGE AND GRASS	22
LITTER	23	LITTER	35
BARE GROUND	0	BARE GROUND	< 1
SHRUBS	11	SHRUBS
BETULA NANA	8	SALIX PULCHRA	7
SALIX PLANIFOLIA	7	SALIX PHLEBOPHYLLA	6
LEDUM DECUMBENS	5	SALIX RETICULATA	6
CASSIOPE TETRAGONA	5	VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA	5
VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA	< 1	SALIX GLAUCA	5
SALIX PHLEBOPHYLLA	< 1	CASSIOPE TETRAGONA	4
SALIX RETICULATA	< 1	DRYAS INTEGRIFOLIA	4
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS ALPINA	1	BETULA NANA	2
		VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM	< 1
SEDGES AND GRASSES	19	SALIX ROTUNDIFOLIA	< 1
ERIOPHORUM VAGINATUM	5
CAREX BIGELOWII	1	SEDGES AND GRASSES
ARCTAGROSTIS LATIFOLIA	< 1	CAREX BIGELOWII	14
		ERIOPHORUM VAGINATUM	7
FORBS	2	ARCTAGROSTIS LATIFOLIA	2
POLYGONUM BISTORTA	1	LUZULA SP.	< 1
PYROLA GRANDIFLORA	1
PEDICULARIS CAPITATA	< 1	FORBS
POLYGONUM VIVTPARUM	< 1	POLYGONUM BISTORTA	4
SENECIO SP.	< 1	SENECIO SP.	1
STELLARIA SP.	< 1	PYROLA GRANDIFLORA	1
		PEDICULARIS CAPITATA	1
MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS	18	SAUSSUREA ANGUSTIFOLIA	1
HYLOCOMIUM SPLENDENS	9	MINUARTIA ARCTICA	1
DICRANUM SP.	7	SAXIFRAGA PUNCTATA & STELLARIA SP.	< l
AULACOMNIUM TURGIDUM	5
TOMENTHYPNUM NITENS	4	MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS
SPHAGNUM SP.	3	HYLOCOMIUM SPLENDENS	15
AULACOMNIUM PALUSTRE	1	AULACOMNIUM TURGIDUM	15
POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERNUM	< 1	TOMENTHYPNUM NITENS	12
POLYTRICHUM STRICTUM	< 1	DICRANUM SP.	7
RHYITDIUM RUGOSUM	< 1	POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM	5
PTILIDIUM CILIARE	< 1	AULACOMIUM PALUSTRE	3
UNKNOWN LEAFY LIVERWORT	< 1	PTILIDIUM CILIARE	1
		RHYTIDIUM RUGOSUM	1
LICHENS	8	POLYTRICHUM SIRICTUM	1
PELTIGERA APHTHOSA	1	HYPNUM SP. & HYPNUM SP.	< 1
CRUSTOSE LICHEN	1	RACOMITRIUM LANUGNOSUM	< 1
PELTIGERA CANINA	1	UNKNOWN LEAFY LIVERWORT	< 1
CETARIA CUCULLATA	1	CAMPYLIUM STELLATUM	< 1
CLADONIA SP.	< 1	THUTDIUM ABIETINUM	< 1
CETARIA ISLANDICA	< 1
DACTYLINA ARCTICA	< 1	LICHENS
SPHAEROPHORLTS GLOBOSUS	< 1	PELTIGERA APHTHOSA	2
		PELTIGERA SP. 2	2
		CLADONIA SP. 1	1
		CRUSTOSE LICHEN 1	1
		CETRARIA CUCULLATA & C. LAEVIGATA	< 1
		DACTYLINA ARCTICA	< 1
		THAMNOLIA SP.	< 1

Percent cover based on point sampling with 1000 points per plot.

Species checklist #4

Watering experiment in 1 m² of moist sedge-prostrate shrub tundra at plot Jago-B, coastal plain of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, August 4-5, 2005.
Taxa (cover before → after the treatment)
COVER TYPE
Shrubs (20 → 29)
Sedges and grasses (34 → 36)
Forbs (3 → 5)
Mosses and liverworts (62 → 77)
Lichens (4 → 3)
Litter (13 → 8)
Standing dead graminoid (45 → 40)
Bare ground (0 → 0)
SHRUBS
Salix reticulata (5 → 12)
S. phlebophylla (2 → 2)
S. pulchra (9 → 8)
Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2 → 1)
Dryas integrifolia (2 → 6)
SEDGES & GRASSES
Carex bigelowii (11 → 13)

Eriophorum vaginatum (22 → 22)
Arctagrostis latifolia (1 → 0)
Luzula arctica ssp. latifolia (0 → 1)
FORBS
Polygonum bistorta (3 → 3)
Senecio atropurpureus (0 → 1)
Stellaria longipes (0 → 1)
MOSSES & LIVERWORTS
Aulacomnium palustre (12 → 13)
Aulacomnium turgidum (9 → 13)
Hylocomium splendens (23 → 17)
Tomenthypnum nitens (7 → 17)
Dicranales (6 → 3)
Polytrichum strictum (1 → 2)
Ptilidium ciliare (2 → 1)
Unknown leafy liverworts (1 → 3)
Unknown mosses (1 → 7)
Sphagnum spp. (0 → 1)
LICHENS
Peltigera aphthosa (3 → 2)
Cladonia spp. (1 → 1)

Percent cover based on point sampling of 100 points in a 1 m² quadrat, sighting on double cross-hairs in point frame, recording all species at each point.
Sampled once, heavily watered twice, and resampled the next day. Weather had been dry for at least a few days. Conclude:
Mosses and SARE increased. Only TONI and SAKE had large increases. Maybe also AUTU and DRIN. HYSP seems to have decreased.
More hits of`'unknown moss' on second sample, because we spent less time trying to ID tiny scraps of moss to species. That might explain decrease in HYSP.
I do believe that TONI and AUTU swell up and spread out their leaflets when moist, thereby increasing cover. Most mosses and leafy liverworts probably do, except HYSP, whose leaflets are always appressed to stem.
Need to redo this experiment so that the observers don't know which quadrat was watered and which wasn't. We knew and might have been influenced by that.

Species checklist #5

Table 1. Plant community composition of moist shrub tussock tundra at Jago-A, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1996, and 2000. Each numeral shows plant cover (%).

Year	96	00	05		96	00	05
Month	7	7	8		7	7	8
Day	13	22	5		13	22	5
COVER TYPE				MOSSES & LIVERWORTS
Shrubs	46	51	44	Hylocomium splendens	18	19	22
Sedges and Grasses	25	47	31	Aulacomnium spp.	10	8	9
Forbs	6	6	2	Dicranales	9	6	8
Mosses and Liverworts	49	44	56	Tomenthypnum nitens	6	4	5
Lichens	13	8	6	Sphagnum spp.	4	6	6
Litter	27	28	11	Polytrichum strictum	1	1	2
Standing Dead Graminoid	36	33	52	Ptilidium ciliate	1	< 1	1
Bare Ground	0	< 1	0	Rhytidium rugosum	< 1	< 1	0
				Unknown leafy liverwort	< 1	0	0
SHRUBS				Unknown moss spp.	< 1	< 1	5
Betula nana	12	16	10
Ledum decumbens	10	8	10	LICHENS
Vaccinium vitis-idaea	10	11	8	Peltigera spp.	9	6	4
Cassiope tetragona	7	6	5	Cetraria cucullata	1	0	< 1
Salix pulchra	6	9	9	Cladonia spp.	1	< 1	< 1
Arctostaphylos alpina	< 1	< 1	1	Crustose lichen	1	1	< 1
Salix phlebophylla	< 1	< 1	< 1	Cetraria islandica	< 1	0	0
Salix reticulata	< 1	1	1	Cetraria nivalis	< 1	0	0
Dryas integrifolia	0	< 1	0	Dactylina arctica	< 1	1	< 1
				Sphaerophorus globosus	< 1	0	< 1
SEDGES & GRASSES				Cladina rangiferinaCladina	0	< 1	< 1
Eriophorum vaginatum	20	40	26	Cetraria laevigata	0	< 1	0
Carex bigelowii	5	6	4
Arctagrostis latifolia	1	1	< 1
FORBS
Polygonum bistorta	3	1	1
Pyrola grandiflora	2	2	1
Pedicularis capitata	1	< 1	< 1
Polygonum viviparum	< 1	1	0
Senecio atropurpureus	< 1	1	1
Senecio spp.	< 1	0	0
Stellaria longipes	< 1	< 1	0
Pyrola secunda	0	1	< 1
Saussurea angustifolia	0	< 1	< 1

Mean percent cover based on point sampling in 10 permanent 1 m² quadrats with 100 points each.
Additional plants in quadrats but not recorded in point sampling included Thamnolia sp., Luzula arctica ssp. latifolia, Cardamine hyperborea, Saxifraga punctata; Philonotis fontana, Cetraria cucullata.

Table 2. Plant community composition of moist sedge-prostrate shrub tundra at Jago-B, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1996, 2000, and 2005.

Year	96	00	05		96	00	05
Month	7	7	8		7	7	8
Day	12	20	5		12	20	5
COVER TYPE				MOSSES & LIVERWORTS
Shrubs	37	44	41	Aulacomnium spp.	18	13	12
Sedges and Grasses	23	45	26	Hylocomium splendens	15	19	20
Forbs	9	15	6	Tomenthypnum nitens	12	5	8
Mosses and Liverworts	60	52	53	Dicranales	7	6	5
Lichens	6	5	5	Polytrichum strictum	5	6	4
Litter	38	40	23	Ptilidium ciliare	1	1	< 1
Standing Dead Graminoid	21	24	32	Rhytidium rugosum	1	< 1	< 1
Bare Ground	< 1	< 1	0	Hypnum & Drepanocladus spp.	< 1	0	< 1
				Mnium spp.< 1	0	0
SHRUBS				Racomitrium lanuginosum	< 1	0	0
Salix reticulata	6	8	7	Abietinella abietina	< 1	0	0
S. phlebophylla & rotundifolia	6	8	5	Unknown leafy liverworts	< 1	1	1
S. pulchra	5	6	6	Unknown mosses	< 1	< 1	3
Vaccinium vitis-idaea	5	6	7	Sphagnum spp.	0	< 1	0
Salix glauca	5	4	4
Cassiope tetragona	4	4	4	LICHENS
Dryas integrifolia	4	4	3	Peltigera aphthosa	2	2	2
Betula nana	2	3	3	Peltigera spp.	2	1	1
Arctostaphylos alpina	1	< 1	1	Cladonia spp.	1	< 1	1
Vaccinium uliginosum	< 1	1	1	Crustose lichens	1	1	1
				Cetraria cucullata	< 1	< 1	0
SEDGES & GRASSES				Cetraria laevigata	< 1	0	0
Carex bigelowii	14	19	14	Dactylina arctica	< 1	< 1	0
Eriophorum vaginatum	7	23	10	Thamnolia sp.	< 1	< 1	< 1
Arctagrostis latifolia	2	3	1	Cetraria islandica	0	< 1	< 1
Luzula arctica ssp. latifolia	< 1	1	2	Parmelia omphalodes	0	< 1	< 1
Unknown Sedges	< 1	0	< 1	Hypogymnia sp.	0	0	< 1
FORBS
Polygonum bistorta	4	5	3
Minuartia arctica	1	< 1	< 1
Pedicularis capitata	1	1	< 1
Pyrola grandiflora	1	2	2
Saussurea angustifolia	1	< 1	< 1
Senecio atropurpureus	1	2	1
Stellaria longipes	< 1	< 1	< 1
Saxifraga punctata	< 1	1	< 1
Polygonum viviparum	0	2	< 1
Cardamine hyperborea	0	< 1	0
Mustard spp.	0	< 1	0
Pedicularis labradorica	0	< 1	< 1
Valeriana capitata	0	< 1	0

Mean percent cover based on point sampling in 10 permanent 1m quadrats with 100 points each.
Additional plants in quadrats but not recorded in point sampling included Hierochloe alpina, Poa sp., Saxifraga punctata, Philonotis fontana, and mushroom.

Hokkaido University Campus

Hokkaido University Short-Term Exchange Program (HUSTEP)

Subsection: Plants and Plant communities in Japan

Flora list for the field trip

Around GSEES

Artemisia montana (ooyomogi オオヨモギ, mountain mugwort)
Anthriscus sylvestris (syaku シャク, cow parsley)
Acer japonicum (hauchiwakaede ハウチワカエデ, downy Japanese maple, )
Acer mono (ezo-itaya エゾイタヤ, painted maple)
Acer negundo (negundo-kaede ネグンドカエデ, boxelder maple)
Acer amoenum var. amoenum (yamamomiji オオモミジ, Japanese maple)
Arctium lappa (gobou ゴボウ, great burdock)
Betula platyphylla (shira-kanba シラカンバ, Japanese white birch)
Cornus kousa (yamaboushi ヤマボウシ, Japanese flowering dogwood) - transplanted
Fraxinus mandshurica var. japonica (yachi-damo ヤチダモ, Manchurian ash)
Geum japonicum (daikonsou ダイコンソウ, large-leaf avens)
Geum aleppicum (oodaikonsou オオダイコンソウ, yellow avens)
Ginkgo biloba (icho イチョウ, gingko)
Juglans mandshurica (onigurumi オニグルミ, Japanese walnut)
Kalopanax pictus (harigiri ハリギリ, castor aralia)
Ligustrum obtusifolium (ibotanoki イボタノキ, border prive)
Morus australis (yamaguwa ヤマグワ, mulberry)
Phalaris arundinacea (kuksayoshi クサヨシ, reed canarygrass)
Pinus nigra (オウシュウクロマツ, European black pine)
Prunus sargentii (ezoyamazakura エゾヤマザクラ, Sargent cherry)

Route Map to Main Street: We will
see many exotic species.
___: short trip (for 90 minutes)
___ ___: long trip (fro 180 minutes)

Sorbus commixta (nanakamado ナナカマド, Japanese mountainash)
Syringa vulgaris (murasakihashidoi ムラサキハシドイ, lilac)
Taxus cuspidata (ichii or onko イチイ, Japanese yew)
Tilia japonica (shinanoki シナノキ, Japanese lime)
Tilia maximowicziana (oobabodaiju オオバボダイジュ)
Vitis coignetiae (yamabudou ヤマブドウ, Crimson glory vine)
Heracleum dulce (o-hanaudo オオハナウド, common cow parsnip)

Exotic species

Aegopodium podagraria (iwamitsuba イワミツバ, Bishop's goutweed)
Ailanthus altissima (shinju シンジュ, tree of heaven)
Bellis perennis (hinagiku ヒナギク, common daisy)
Conium maculatum (dokuninjin ドクニンジン, poison hemlock)
Dactylis glomerata (kamogaya カモガヤ, orchard grass)

Helianthus tuberosus (kiku-imo キクイモ Jerusalem artichoke)
Hypochaeris radicata (butana, or tanpopo-modoki ブタナ, hairy catsear)
Juglans regia (teuchigurumi テウチグルミ, Persian walnut)
Matricaria matricarioides (orosyagiku オロシャギク, pineapple weed) - flavor
Phytolacca esculenta (yamagobou ヤマゴボウ, Asian pokeweed)
Leonurus cardiaca (momijibakisewata モミジバキセワタ, throw-wort)
Plantago lanceolata (heraoobako ヘラオオバコ, Narrowleaf plantain)
Poa pratensis (nagahagusa ナガハグサ, Kentucky bluegrass)
Rudbeckia laciniata (oohangonsou オオハンゴンソウ, cutleaf coneflower)
Populus nigra var. italica (seiyou-hako-yanagi セイヨウハコヤナギ, so-called poplar ポプラ)
Robinia pseudoacacia (niseakashia ニセアカシア, black locust)
Quercus rubra (aka-nara アカナラ, red oak) - plantation
Symphytum officinale (hireharisou ヒレハリソウ, comfrey)
Taraxacum officinale (seiyoutanpopo セイヨウタンポポ common dandelion)
Trifolium pratense (akatsumekusa アカツメクサ, red colver)
Trifolium repens (shirotsumekusa シロツメクサ, white colver)

Native species

Castanea crenata (kuri クリ, Japanese chestnut)
Capsella bursa-pastoris (nazuna ナズナ, shepherd's-purse)
Cercidiphyllum japonicum (katsura カツラ, Katsura tree)
Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum (kusa-no-ou クサノオウ, greater celandine)
Cryptotaenia japonica (ミツバ mitsuba)
Erigeron annuus (himejoon ヒメジョオン, eastern daisy fleabane)
Geranium robertianum (himefuuro ヒメフウロ, mountain geranium)
Magnolia kobus var. borealis (kobushi キタコブシ, Kobushi magnolia)
Osmorhiza aristata (yabu-ninjin ヤブニンジン)
Petasites japonicus var. giganteus (oo-buki オオブキ, giant sweet coltsfoot)
Plantago asiatica (oo-bako オオバコ, Chinese plantain)
Polygonum sachalinense (oo-itadori オオイタドリ, giant knotweed)
Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata (mizunara ミズナラ, Manchurian oak)
Ranunculus repens (haikinpouge ハイキンポウゲ, creeping buttercup)
Rosa multiflora (noibara ノイバラ, rambler rose)
Galium spurium L. var. echinospermon (yaemugura ヤエムグラ, tall hairy groovebur)
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (harunire ハルニレ, Japanese elm)

In Primitive Forest (nickname)

Poisonous plant species

Rhus ambigua (tsuta-urushi ツタウルシ, climbing sumac)
Urtica platyphylla (ezo-ira-kusa エゾイラクサ)

Wetland species

These species indicate that the habitat was a wetland before the settlement

Veratrum album ssp. oxysepalum (bai-kei-sou バイケイソウ, white hellebore)
Lysichiton camtschatcensis (mizu-basho ミズバショウ, white skunk cabbage)

Relationship between Sasa (dwarf bamboo) and species diveristy

Horomi Pass (幌見峠)

Floristic and vegetation characteristics of Horomi Pass, Sapporo, northern Japan

Shiro Tsuyuzaki¹, Toshiyuki Sato², and Michio Masuda³

1. Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060 0810, Japan
2. The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060 0810 Japan
3. Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060 0810 Japan

Location: at the foot of Mt. Maruyama, southern part of Sapporo City (43°01.981N, 141°17.949E, ≈ 280 m a.s.l.)
Record: 1982-1989

Nomenclature: seed plants (Ohwi 1975), pteridophytes (Nakaike 1992, Tagawa 1959)

Soil profile: The soil porfiles were observed in a valley near an erosion control dum on May 5 1989

L, A and B layers were 2, 15, and 35-40 cm in depth. On ridges, A and B layers were thinner than the layers in valleys

Incomplete

Division Pteridophyta

Family Equisetaceae
Equisetum arvense (スギナ)
Family Lycopodeaceae
Lycopodium serratum (ホソバトウゲシバ)
Family Aspidiaceae>
Dryopteris crassirhizoma (オシダ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
D. monticola (ミヤマベニシダ)
D. austriaca (シラネワラビ)
Polystichum tripteron (ジュウモンジシダ)
P. braunii (ホソイノデ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
P. retroso-paleaceum (サカゲイノデ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Arachniodes standishii (リョウメンシダ)
Leptorumohra miqueliana (ナライシダ)
Family Blechnaceae
Struthiospteris niponica (シシガシラ)
Family Thelypteridaceae
Stegnogramme pozoi (ミゾシダ)
Family Aspleniaceae
Asplenium scolopendrium (コタニワタリ)
A. incisum (トラノオシダ)
Family Athyriaceae
Athyrium vidalii (ヤマイヌワラビ)
A. quelpaertensis (オオメシダ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Lunathymum pycnuosorum (ミヤマシケシダ)
Matteucia orientalis (イヌガンソク)
M. struthiopteris (クサソテツ)
Cornopteris crenulatoserrulate (イッポンワラビ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Family Osmundaceae
Osmunda cinnamomea (ヤマドリゼンマイ)
O. japonica (ゼンマイ)
Family Pteridaceae
Adiantum pedatum (クジャクシダ)
Pteridium aquilinum (ワラビ)
Coriogramme intermedia (イワガネゼンマイ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Family Botrychiaceae
Japanobotrychium virginanum (ナツノハナワラビ)

Phylum Spermatophyta

Class Gymnospermae

Family Cephalotaxaceae
Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. nana (ハイイヌガヤ)
Family Pinaceae
Abies sachalinensis (トドマツ)
Picea jezoensis (エゾマツ)

Class Angiospermae

Subclass Monocotyledoneae

Family Typhaceae
Typha latifolia (ガマ)
Family Graminae
Festuca arundinacea (オニウシノケグサ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Milium effusum (イブキヌカボ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Miscanthus sinensis (ススキ)*
Dactylis glomerata (カモガヤ)*
Agrostis alba (コヌカグサ)
Anthoxanthum odoratum (ハルガヤ)
Phalaris arundinacea (クサヨシ)
Poa annua (スズメノカタビラ)* (85/06/11, SAPS)
Phleum pratense (オオアワガエリ)
Melica nutans (コメガヤ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Brylkinia candata (ホガエリガヤ)
Sasa kurilensis (チシマザサ)
Family Cyperaceae
Carex thunbergii var. thunbergii (アゼスゲ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Carex ischnostachya var. ischnostachya (ジュズスゲ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Family Araceae
Arisaema peninsulae (コウライテンナンショウ)
Family Liliaceae
Lilium cordatum var. glehnii (オオウバユリ)
Trillium apetalon (エンレイソウ)
Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (アイヌネギ)
Smilancina japonica (ユキザサ)
Maianthemum dilatatumv (マイヅルソウ)
Disoprum sessile (ホウチャクソウ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Streptopus amplexifolius var. papillatus (オオバタケシマラン)
Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum (アマドコロ)
Paris verticillata (クルマバツクバネソウ)
Family Iridaceae
Sisyrinchium atlanticum (ニワゼキショウ)
Family Orchidaceae
Gymnadenia camtschaticac (ノビネチドリ)
Calanthe torifera (サルメンエビネ)
Cremastra variabilis (サイハイラン)
Oreorchis patens (コケイラン)

Subclass Dicotyledoneae

Archichlamydeae

Family Chloranthaceae
Chloranthus japonicus (ヒトリシズカ)
Family Salicaceae
Populus tremula var. davidiana (エゾヤマナラシ)
P. maximowiczii (ドロノキ)
Salix hultenii var. angustifolius (エゾノバッコヤナギ)
S. integra (イヌコリヤナギ)
S. sachalinensis (ナガバヤナギ)
S. miyabeana (エゾノカワヤナギ)
S. subfragilis (タチヤナギ)
S. rorida (エゾヤナギ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
S. matsudana cv. 'Tortuosa' (ウンリュウヤナギ)
Family Juglandaceae
Juglans ailanthifolia (オニグルミ)
Family Betulaceae
Betula platyphylla var. japonica (シラカンバ)
B. maximowicziana (ウダイカンバ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Alnus hirsta (ケヤマハンノキ)
Carpinus cordata (サワシバ)
Family Fagaceae
Quercus mongolica var. grosserata (ミズナラ)
Castanea crenata (クリ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Family Ulmaceae
Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (ハルニレ)
U. laciniata (オヒョウ)
Zelkova serrata (ケヤキ)*, transplant
Family Moraceae
Morus bombycis (ヤマグワ)
Family Urticaceae
Elatostema umbellatum (ウワバミソウ)
Laportea bulbifera (ムカゴイラクサ)
Boehmeria tricuspis (アカソ)
Family Polygonaceae
Rumex obtusifolius (エゾノギシギシ)
R. acetosella (ヒメスイバ)
Polygonum filiforme (ミズヒキ)
P. sachalinense (オオイタドリ)
P. thunbergii (ミゾソバ)
Family Caryophyllaceae
Stellaria aquatica (ウシハコベ)
S. neglecta (ミドリハコベ)
S. media (ハコベ)
Moehringia lateriflora (オオヤマフスマ)
Family Cercidiphyllaceae
Cercidiphyllum japonicum (カツラ)
Family Ranunculaceae
Anemone flaccida (ニリンソウ)
A. flaccida f. viridis (ミドリニリンソウ)
A. debilis (ヒメイチゲ)
Adonis amurensis (フクジュソウ)
Aconitum yezoense (エゾトリカブト)
Actaea asiatica (ルイヨウショウマ)
Family Berberidaceae
Caulophyllum robustum (ルイヨウボタン)
Diphylleia grayi (サンカヨウ)
Family Magnolicaeae
Magnolia ovobata (ホウノキ)
M. kobus (キタコブシ)
Family Papaveraceae
Corydalis ambigua (エゾエンゴサク)
Family Cruciferae
Cardamine scutata (オオバタネツケバナ)
C. leucantha (コンロウソウ)
C. regeliana (オオバタネツケバナ)
Barbarea vulgaris (ハルサキヤマガラシ)
Family Saxifragaceae
Astilbe thunbergii var. congesta (トリアシショウマ)
Chrysosplenium grayanum (ネコノメソウ)
C. alternifolium var. sibiricum (エゾネコノメソウ), tentative
C. flagelliferum (ツルネコノメ)
Hydrangea petiolaris (ツルアジサイ)
H. macrophylla var. yezoensis (エゾアジサイ)
Family Rosaceae Sorbus alnifolia (アスキナシ)
Prunus ssiori (シュウリザクラ)
P. sargentii (オオヤマザクラ)
Potentilla centigrana (ヒメヘビイチゴ) (85/06/11, SAPS)
Fragaria vesca (エゾヘビイチゴ)(R)
F. iinumae (ノウゴウイチゴ)
Rubus idaeus var. aculeatissimus (エゾイチゴ)
Geum japonicum (ダイコンソウ)
G. aleppicum (オオダイコンソウ)
Filipendula kamtschatica (オニシモツケ)
Malus baccata var. mandshurica (エゾノコリンゴ)
Family Leguminosae
Desmodium oxyphyllum (ヌスビトハギ)
Lupinus spp. (ノボリフジ)(R)
Trifolium pratense (アカツメクサ)
T. hybridum (タチオランダゲンゲ)
Vicia cracca (クサフジ)
Maccia amurensis var. buergeri (イヌエンジュ)

Robinia pseudo-acacia (ニセアカシア/ハリエンジュ)
Family Geraniaceae
Geranium thunbergii (ゲンノショウコ)
Family Rutaceae
Skimmia japonica var. intermedia f. repens (ハイシキミ)
Family Buxaceae
Pachysandra terminalis (フッキソウ)
Family Anacardiaceae
Rhus ambigua (ツタウルシ)
R. javanica (ヌルデ)
Family Celastraceae
Celastrus orbiculatus (ツルウメモドキ)
Euonymus sieboldianus (マユミ)
Family Aceraceae
Acer mono var. mono (エゾイタヤ)
A. mono var. mayrii (ベニイタヤ)
A. palmata (ヤマモミジ)
A. japonicum (ハウチワカエデ)
Family Balsaminaceae
Impatiens noli-tangere (キツリフネ)
Family Vitaceae
Vitis coignetiae (ヤマブドウ)
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (ノブドウ)
Family Tiliaceae
Tilia maximowicziana (オオバボダイジュ)
T. maximowicziana var. yesoana (モイワボダイジュ)
T. japonica (シナノキ)
Family Actinidiaceae
Actinidia arguta (マタタビ)
Family Violaceae
Viola grypoceras (タチツボスミレ)
V. vaginata (スミレサイシン)
Family Onagraceae
Oenothera biennis (アレヂマツヨイグサ)
Family Araliaceae
Aralia elata (タラノキ)
A. cordata (ウド)
Panax japonicus (トチバニンジン)
Kalopanax septemlobus (ハリギリ)
Family Umbelliferae
Osmorhiza aristata (ヤブニンジン)
Cryptotaenia japonica (ミツバ)
Heracleum dulce (オオハナウド)
Anthriscus sylvestris (シャク)
Angelica edulis (アマニウ)
Sium suave var. nipponicum (ヌマゼリ)
Family Cornaceae
Cornus controversa (ミズキ) (85/06/11, SAPS)

Metachlamydeae (Gamopetalae)

Family Oleaceae
Fraxinus mandshurica var. japonica (ヤチダモ)
Fraxinus lanuginosa f. serrata (アオダモ)
Family Boraginaceae
Myosotis scorpioides (ワスレナグサ)
Family Labitae
Glechoma hederacea var. grandis (カキドウシ)
Ajuga reptans (セイヨウジュウニヒトエ)* (85/06/11, SAPS)
Family Scrophulariaceae
Veronica persica (オオイヌノフグリ)
Family Plantaginaceae
Plantago asiatica (オオバコ)
P. lanceolata (ヘラオオバコ)
Family Rubiaceae
Asperula odorata (クルマバソウ)
Family Caprifoliaceae
Sambucus sieboldiana var. miquelii (エゾニワトコ)
Family Adoxaceae
Adoxa moschatellina (レンプクソウ)
Family Cucurbitaceae
Schizopepon bryoniaefolius (ミヤマニガウリ)
Family Compositae
Petasites japonicus var. giganteus (オオブキ)
Artemisia montana (オオヨモギ)
Eupatrium chinense var. sachalinense (ヨツバヒヨドリ)
Taraxacum officinale (セイヨウタンポポ)
Solidago gigantea (オオアワダチソウ)
Cacalia auriculata var. kamtschatica (ミミコウモリ)
C. hastata var. orientalis (ヨブスマソウ)
Cirsium kamtschaticum (チシマアザミ)
Lactuca scariola (トゲチシャ)*
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (フランスギク)*
Erigeron annuus (ヒメジョオン)
Aster glehni var. glehnii (エゾゴマナ)
A. ageratoides var. ovatus (エゾノコンギク)
*: road side

The authors thank Prof. S. Yoshida (吉田静夫), ILTS, HU, for his valuable encouragements. Cordial thanks are also due to the undergraduate studendts of Division of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, for enjoying the field trips.

Species checklist (チェックリスト)

Locality/flora

References (JPN)

Alaska

Species checklist (Memorandum, mainly for ANWR)