Traditionally, taxonomical specimens should be as complete as possible, viz. the specimens have flowers (fuirts), leaves, stems, roots, and others. However, we have to know all life history stages to analyze plant growth. To obtain such information, we shold collect specimens with various status, including imperfect samples.
Basic equipments are the same with those of plant taxonomy, described above. Also the following times are useful. Plot establishment
clinometer
measuring tapes (length is dependent on plot size)
The quality of these tools determines the effectiveness of belowground survey. Also bring a pickax if the shovels do not work. If hte pickax does not work, consider power shovel (yumbo) and/or blasting.
Demerits:
monitoring is impossible
difficulty in the census of fine roots
2) (Semi-)non-destructive methods - so far, it has been hard to do
water-culture or transparent pot culture
Demerits:
artifact must be considered
(mini)rhizotron
scanner
Fig. 1. The scanner system for observing belowground systems (Dannnoura et al. 2008). Minirhizotron uses transparent tubes and a fiber scope instead of a scanner. [Note] Battery for scanner: must be higher than 13.5V to avoid emsssion and color unevenness (recommendation ≈ 16V of lithium cell)
Suggested personal equipment list for Tundra Ecosystem and Permafrost Dynamics Group trip to Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (31 July to 7 August 2006)
Backpack - internal or external frame of sufficient volume when your own personal gear is loaded. Alternative: a duffle bag with zipper closing and handles could also be used if we are not going to pack far from the air plane landing site. If duffle bag is used, bring smaller day packs for each person to carry lunch, rain gear and field equipment during hikes to study areas away from base camp.
Rain cover for back pack or: plastic bags for inside of small day packs.
Tent(s) with rain fly - should weigh about four pounds for single person, and if sharing space, larger tent weighting about 8 or 9 pounds for two persons. Tents should be free standing if possible.
Sleeping bag - down or synthetic comfortable to 20/25°F.
Sleeping pad - foam or inflatable (Thermarest brand is good)
Hiking boots - well broken in. Make sure you don't get hot spots (blisters). Alternative: rubber knee high boots for walking in wet tundra areas.
Rain/wind protection gear - good quality Gore Tex or coated nylon, two piece (coat and pants).
Clothing - sufficient to keep one warm at freezing temps. A layer system is best. An inner layer of polypropylene or light weight wool. A fleece middle layer and an outer shell (wind breaker or rain coat). Avoid cotton for inner and outer wear which does not dry readily and will not hold warmth when wet.
Socks, and gloves (made of material that will dry readily)
Hats, one for warmth, and one for sun protection
Cup, bowl, spoon, (chop sticks) water bottle, can use cup for bowl
Toiletry items:
Bring smallest size toothpaste possible
Toilet paper
Bic lighter or matches for burning toilet paper
Small container of insect repellant, for those who may be sensitive to mosquitoes, a head net is recommended.
Insurance - certification
Extras not essential but often nice to have:
Light weight pair of camp shoes or sandals to get out of wet hiking boots and change to dry socks in evening at base camp
Lightweight binoculars
Sunglasses and sun screen
Lip salve
Pocket knife
Notebook/diary
Small bath towel
Project Equipment to support the entire group:
Camp stoves (2) small, light weight and fuel (about 5 quarts)
Cooking pots
Bear spray/repellant for each person (7)
Shot gun and ammunition (Fran will provide)
First aid kit (does not contain prescription medication please carry your own medication as necessary)
Maps
Water filter
Bear proof food containers
Food (Fran will provide list of suggested food items)
Plastic trash bags
Light weight tarp(s) to cover items if it rains
Names of participants for ANWR field work
Masami FUKUDA. Prof. Hokkaido University Shiro TSUYUZAKI. Associate Prof. Hokkaido University
Keiji KUSHIDA. Assistant Prof. Hokkaido University
Yuki SAWADA. Post. Doctor. Fellow. Hokkaido University
Akihito KUWAYAMA. Reporter. Asahi Press
Soichiro YAMAMOTO. Photographer. Asahi Press
Fran MAUER. Guide