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(Upload on December 10 2022) [ 日本語 | English ]

Asclepiadaceae Burnett (ガガイモ科), milkweed family






Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily

Engler's syllabus (エングラー体系)]

APG: grouped into Apocynaceae (キョウチクトウ)

More than 250 genera in the world (mainly in temperate regions)
Lifeform: vines, herbs and shrubs
Six genera in Japan
Asclepias (トウワタ), American Continent
Cynanchum L. (イケマ)
Gomphocarpus R. Br. (フウセントウワタ)
G. physocarpus E. Mey. (フウセントウワタ)
Gymnema R. Br. (ホウライアオカズラ), not in Japan
 Hoya R. Br. (サクララン), southern Japan
Marsdenia R. Br. (キジョラン), southwest Japan
Metaplexis R. Br. (ガガイモ), east Asia
Two species worldwide

M. hemsleyana Oliv. (China)
M. japonica Makino (ガガイモ)

Lifeform: rhizomatous vines
Stephanotis Thouars (シタキソウ), southwest Japan
Tylophora R. Br. (オオカモメヅル), tropical to temperate regions
Vincetoxicum Wolf, auct. non Walter (カモメヅル), when separated from Cynanchum

Asclepias L. (トウワタ)

A. curassavica L. (トウワタ)

f. flaviflora Tawada (キバナトウワタ)

A. syriaca L. (オオトウワタ)
 A. tuberosa L. (ヤナギトウワタ)

Cynanchum L. (イケマ)

One species, C. caudatum, is distributed in Hokkaido
C. boudieri H. Lev. et Vaniot (アマミイケマ)
C. bungei Decne. (ヤハズイケマ)
C. caudatum (Miq.) Maxim. (イケマ)
C. chinense R. Br. (ヒメイケマ)
 C. formosanum (Maxim.) Hemsl. (ホウライイケマ)
C. liukiuense Warb. (リュウキュウガシワ)
C. purpureum (Pall.) K. Schum. (ムラサキカモメヅル)
C. wilfordii (Maxim.) Hook. f. (コイケマ)
Two species formerly classified into Asclepiadaceae are distributed in Hokkaido
 The leaf = linear or narrowly-oval ↔ C. caudatum leaf = heart-shaped
C. atratum Bunge (フナバラソウ) → Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) C. Morren et Decne.
C. paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag. (スズサイコ) → Vincetoxicum pycnostelma Kitag.

APG: merged the whole of Asclepiadaceae into Apocynaceae

Vincetoxicum Wolf, auct. non Walter (カモメヅル)

V. acuminatum Decne. (クサタチバナ)
V. ambiguum Maxim. (アオカモメヅル)
V. amplexicaule Siebold et Zucc. (ロクオンソウ)

f. castaneum (Makino) Kitag. (クロバナロクオンソウ)

V. atratum (Bunge) C. Morren et Decne. (フナバラソウ)

f. viridescens (H.Hara) Sugim. (アオフナバラソウ)

V. austrokiusianum (Koidz.) Kitag. (ナンゴクカモメヅル)
V. calcareum (H.Ohashi) Akasawa (イシダテクサタチバナ)
V. doianum (Koidz.) Kitag. (サツマビャクゼン)
V. glabrum (Nakai) Kitag. (タチカモメヅル)

f. rotundifolium (Honda) Sugim. ex Yonek. (マルバカモメヅル)
f. viridescens (Murata) Sugim. (アオタチカモメヅル)

V. glaucescens (Decne.) C. Y. Wu et D.Z.Li (ビャクゼン)
V. hirundinaria Medik. (ヤクヨウカモメヅル)
 V. hoyoense T. Yamash. (ホウヨカモメヅル)
V. inamoenum Maxim. (エゾノクサタチバナ)
V. izuense T. Yamash. (イズカモメヅル)
V. japonicum (C. Morren et Decne.) Decne. (イヨカズラ)
V. katoi (Ohwi) Kitag. (クサナギオゴケ)

f. albescens (H.Hara) Kitag. (シロバナクサナギオゴケ)

V. krameri Franch. et Sav. (マルバノフナバラソウ)
V. macrophyllum Siebold et Zucc. (ツクシガシワ)

var. nikoense Maxim. (ツルガシワ)

V. magnificum (Nakai) Kitag. (タチガシワ)
V. multinerve Franch. et Sav. ex Maxim. (ホソバノロクオンソウ)

var. kiyohikoanum (Honda) Kitag. (アキノクサタチバナ)

V. nipponicum (Matsum.) Kitag. (オオアオカモメヅル)

f. abukumense (Koidz.) Kitag. (ナガバクロカモメヅル)

V. pycnostelma Kitag. (スズサイコ)
V. sibiricum (L.) Decne. (ヤナギカモメヅル)

var. australe Maxim. (ホソバイヨカズラ)
var. gracilentum (Nakai et Kitag.) Kitag. (イトカモメヅル)

V. sublanceolatum (Miq.) Maxim.

var. auriculatum Franch. et Sav. (ジョウシュウカモメヅル)
var. kinokuniense (T. Yamaz.) Yonek. (キノクニカモメヅル)
var. macranthum Maxim. (シロバナカモメヅル)
var. sublanceolatum (コバノカモメヅル), the type

f. albiflorum (Franch. et Sav.) H. Ohashi (アズマカモメヅル)

V. versicolor (Bunge) Decne. (アオバナカモメヅル)
V. volubile Maxim. (チョウセンイケマ)
V. yonakuniense (Hatus.) T. Yamash. et Tateishi (ヨナクニカモメヅル)
V. × purpurascens (C. Morren et Decne.) Decne. (ムラサキスズメノオゴケ)
V. × sakaianum (Honda) Kitag. (ミヤマフナバラソウ)
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