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Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily
HOME > Lecture catalog / Research summary > Glossary > Eco (エコ)
Eco (エコ)eko, phonological translation): JapanglishThe word is derived from the abbreviation of "ecology" or 'economy' in Japan. However, the meaning of eco is totally different from the meaning of ecology. Eco means 'saving energy through ecological and/or economical ways. The meaning of eco in JapaneseEnvironmental problems solved or solving by using ecological and/or economical techniquesWaste problemRecyclePopulation growth and food amountFood Efficiency Area for Global Ratio to of solar supporting population global energy (%) a person (m2) supported population by the food (× billion) Potato 0.10 600 760 21 Cereal 0.05 1,200 380 11 Milk 0.04 1,500 300 8 Poak 0.015 4,000 110 3 Egg 0.002 30,000 15 0.4
a: area for food production = 45,600,000 km2 UN Sustainable development goals (SGDs, 持続可能な開発目標)Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development![]() |
environment - economics - society |
Pollution (公害)Kogai (公害) can not be translated directly into English.Air pollution (大気汚染)Water pollution (水質汚染)Indicator of water qualityDO (dissolved oxygen)COD(chemical oxygen demand) BOD(biochemical oxygen demand) Soil pollution (土壌汚染) |
The benefits of human obtaining from ecosystems → MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) Four categories
prescription Ecosystem service valuation database, ESVD(生態系サービス評価データベース)The database quantifies the four categories of ecosystem servicesBackground: TEEB* valuation database * the economics of ecosystems and biodiversity |
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EIA (Energy Information Administration, USA, 合州国エネルギー情報局)
IEO2019 (International Energy Outlook 2019): 49% of energry will be obtained from renewable energy by 2050 |
Wind-power generation (風力発電)Recently often called "wind power"the use of air flow through wind turbines to provide the mechanical power to turn electric generators
alternative to burning fossil fuels → produces no greenhouse gas during operation ![]() ![]() Offshore wind power (海洋風力発電)US: just beginning (in 2019)Europe: studies at offshore wind facilities indicate some bird and marine mammal species are displaced from project areas, but substantial uncertainty exists regarding the individual or population-level impacts of this displacement. Bird and bat collisions with offshore turbines are thought to be less common than at terrestrial facilities, but currently the tools to measure fatalities at offshore wind energy facilities are not available (Allison et al. 2019) Environmental problems derived by wind power |
Sensitivity map (センシティビティマップ)
Noise |
1939.8.2 Einstein (US): Einstein–Szilárd letter
sent to the President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1943 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) established starting the development of atomic bomb 1955 EBR-1 accident in Idaho1957.07.29 IAEA (nternational Atomic Energy Agency, 国際原子力機関)
International organization, with independently of the United Nations |
1961 SL-1 (Stationary low-power reactor number one) accident
1968 Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, NPT (核兵器不拡散条約) 1979 Three Mile Island accident1986 Chernobyl disaster 1990 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, START I: agreement in principle 1991.07 signing between USA and USSR 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster |
Compost (コンポスト): organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment.
materials: ![]() ![]() We make compost from fallen leaves in the gardens to use as leaf mold. Kojimachi Junior High School students and Tokyo Garden Terrace Kioicho collaborated on the wooden compost bin. TOKYO GARDEN TERRACE KIOICHO (November 24 2017) WaterPortland Streetcar | Green Street Stormwater FacilitiesPlants at Work
PLEASE Stormwater runoff from NE Martin Luther King Jr Blvd enters the facility. → Plant roots and soil bacteria help break down stormwater pollutants. Roots, insects and worms widen spaces between soil particles to increase stormwater storage capacity. |
→ During heavy rain, you may see some stormwater overflow back into the street. That water drains directly to the Willamette River.
Each year, this green street facility keeps
Environmental Services Food loss (フードロス)2011 FAO: 1/3 food was lost or wasted every year worldwideSDGs 12: responsible consumption and production Def. food loss: the decrease in the quantity or quality of food resulting from decisions and actions by food suppliers in the chain, excluding retailers, food service providers and consumersFood loss index, FLI (食品ロス指標) Def. food waste: the decrease in the quantity or quality of food resulting from decisions and actions by retailers, food service providers and consumersFood waste index, FWI (廃棄食品指標) |