Eco (エコ)

The meaning of eco in Japanese

Waste problem

Population growth and food amount

  Food    Efficiency  Area for       Global        Ratio to
          of solar    supporting     population    global
          energy (%)  a person (m2)  supported     population
                                     by the food
                                     (× billion)

  Potato    0.10           600           760         21
  Cereal    0.05         1,200           380         11
  Milk      0.04         1,500           300          8
  Poak      0.015        4,000           110          3
  Egg       0.002       30,000            15          0.4

a: area for food production = 45,600,000 km²
b: assmuming a population of 36 billion

UN Sustainable development goals (SGDs, 持続可能な開発目標)

1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

environment - economics - society

Pollution (公害)

Air pollution (大気汚染)

Water pollution (水質汚染)

Indicator of water quality

Soil pollution (土壌汚染)

• Supporting services (基盤サービス), e.g., photosynthesis and nutrient cycling
• Provisioning services (供給サービス), seafood, transportation and genetic resources
• Regulating services (調整サービス), affecting climate, floods, disease, wastes and water quality
• Cultural services (文化サービス), providing recreational, aesthetic and spiritual benefits

prescription
property
penalty
payment
persuasion

Ecosystem service valuation database, ESVD

(生態系サービス評価データベース)

Background: TEEB^* valuation database

* the economics of ecosystems and biodiversity

IEO2019 (International Energy Outlook 2019): 49% of energry will be obtained from renewable energy by 2050

Wind-power generation (風力発電)

alternative to burning fossil fuels → produces no greenhouse gas during operation
renewable

Offshore wind power (海洋風力発電)

Environmental problems derived by wind power

• noise, low-frequency wave
• disaster, water quality
• landscape
• nature quality and quantity
• wild bird

  collision death (bird strike)
  habitat loss and destruction (escape, barrier)
  

• shadow flicker
• others

• measured spatial indication of where protected species are likely to be perturbed by change
• does not create no-go areas
• not indicative of species presence and absence
• uses existing data
• stakeholder involvement

1. species selection
   terrestrial species
   species of conservation concern
   inclusion add value to the map
   sufficient data
2. species sensitivity index
   • survival rate, flight manoeuvr, soaring, aerial foraging, ranging behavior, flocking, nocturnal flight activity, aerial display
   • site fidelity, range, sensitivity to displacement, habitat preference, available habitat
   • conservation status, biogeographic population
3. calculating the sensitivity index
   species sensitivity score (SSS) =

   maximum conservation socre ×

   (averaged flight vulnerability scores +
   averaged habitat averaged flight vulnerability scores)

   characteristics often overlap (i.e. collinear)
   avoid inflation/stretching of range

4. zoning of sensitivity → sensitivity mapping → disclosure

Noise

sent to the President Franklin D. Roosevelt
recommend to start US own nuclear program (≈ nuclear bomb) - Manhattan Project

1943 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) established

starting the development of atomic bomb

International organization, with independently of the United Nations
Headquarters: Vienna, Austria
seeking to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons

1968 Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, NPT (核兵器不拡散条約)

1991.07 signing between USA and USSR

materials:
organic solid waste (green waste)
animal manure and bedding
Human waste and sewage sludge

TOKYO GARDEN TERRACE KIOICHO (November 24 2017)

Water

Portland Streetcar | Green Street Stormwater Facilities

Plants at Work

PLEASE
For your safety and
the health of the
plants, stay out
of the facility and
help keep it free
of litter.
Thank you!

Each year, this green street facility keeps
223,300 gallons
of stormwater out of the sewer system.

Environmental Services
City of Portland
working for clean rivers

Food loss (フードロス)

SDGs 12: responsible consumption and production

Food loss index, FLI (食品ロス指標)

Food waste index, FWI (廃棄食品指標)