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Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily
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Bird (Aves)Class: Aves Linnaeus (1758), ca 10,000 spp.Feathered, winged, bipedal, warm-blooded and egg-laying vertebrates Bird greatly contributes seed dispersal of plants[Field training: integrated environmental research: fauna and flora (種リスト), avifauna (鳥類リスト), insect (昆虫), mammal (哺乳類)] 
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Subclass Archaeornithes 古鳥亜綱
developing teeth Subclass Neornithes 新鳥亜綱Order Odontognahta 歯顎目Cretaceous-Eocene Order Ichthyornithes 魚鳥目Cretaceous 0. Struthioniformes (Ratitae), 走鳥類≈ 平胸類, ペンギン類, not fly in the present Order Struthioninformes ダチョウStruthionidae, ostrich Order Sphenisciformes ペンギン
Rheidae, rhea 1. Geornithes 地鳥類live on ground Order Galliformes キジafter Eocene. brids in Japan are resident, excpet quail Phasianidae キジ: most species feed grass seeds on the ground (rarely feed insects. the feet are covered with featherPhasianus soemmerringii ヤマドリ, P. colchicus キジ pheasant、Bambusicola thoracica コジュケイ, Coturnix coturnix ウズラ quail Tetraonidae ライチョウ: the feet are not covered with feather Lagopus mutus ライチョウ grouse、Tetrastes bonasia エゾライチョウ, Tetrao urogallus ヨーロッパオオライチョウ capercaillie Order Gruiformes (Alectorides) ツルOtididae ノガンGruidae ツル: Grus ツル crane Rallidae クイナ Order Limicolae-Lari シギ・カモメLarus カモメ gullOrder Alciae ウミスズメOrder Ansers ガンカモOrder Phoenicopteri ベニヅル(フラミンゴ)Order Gressores コウサギArdea アオサギ grey heronOrder Accipitres ワシタカafter Eocene. coarnivore, ♀ > ♂Accipitridae ワシタカ: wing tips open like fingers Milvus migrans トビ, Heliaeetus albicillaオジロワシ white-tailed eagle, H. pelagicus オオワシ, Aquila chrysaetos イヌワシ, Accipiter gentilis オオタカ  Range of Heliaeetus albicilla. ■ = nesting range, ■ = wintering range, ■ = year-round range |
Falconidae ハヤブサ, sharp wings and a long tail: Falco peregrinus ハヤブサ Order Steganopodes ウPhalacrocorax ウ cormorantP. capillatus ウミウ(used for cormorant fishing), P. carbo カワウ Order Tubinares ミズナギドリOrder Pygopodes アビ2. Dendronithes 樹鳥類Order Cuculi ホトトギスfour species in Japan → all species are brood parasitism → not building the nestsCuculidae ホトトギス Cuculus poliocephalus ホトトギス, C. canorus カッコウ: north to Shikoku, C.saturatus ツツドリ: north to Shikoku, C. fugax ジュウイチ: north to Shikoku Order Columbae ハトColumbidae ハト: herbivorousSphenurus sieboldii アオバト, Columba janthina カラスバト, Streptopelia orientalis キジバト(ヤマバト), S. decaoto シラコバト(ドバト/デンショバト) = カワラバト C. livia breeing species Order Psittaci オウムOrder StrigesフクロウStrigidaeフクロウ, carnivorous, nocturnal habitStrix (フクロウ, 梟) S. uralensis フクロウ four subspecies in Japan: fuscescens Temminck et Schlegel 1850 (キュウシュウフクロウ), hondoensis Clark 1907 (フクロウ), momiyamae Taka-Tsukasa 1931 (モミヤマフクロウ), japonica Clark 1907 (エゾフクロウ) Order Caprimulgiヨタカヨタカ科: nests built on the ground: Caprimulgus indicus ヨタカOrder Coracii ブッポウソウAlcedinidae カワセミHalcyon coromanda アカショウビン, Alcedo atthis カワセミ, Ceryle lugubris ヤマセミ Coraciidae ブッポウソウ, insectivorous: Eurystomus orientalis ブッポウソウ Order Macrochires アマツバメApodidae アマツバメ: Apus pacificus アマツバメ Order Pici キツツキPicidae キツツキ: in forestPicus canus ヤマゲラ, Dryocopus martius クマゲラ, Dendrocopos kizuki コゲラ Japanese pygmy woodpecker Ramphastidae オオハシOrder PasseresスズメHirundinidae ツバメ Hirundo rustica ツバメ, Delichon urbica イワツバメ Pittidae ヤイロチョウAlaudidae ヒバリ Alauda arvensis ヒバリ skylark Motacillidae セキレイ |
Motacilla cinerea キセキレイ Anthus タヒバリ Campephagidae (Vigors 1825) サンショウクイ Pycnonotidae ヒヨドリ: Hypsipetes amaurotis ヒヨドリ Laniidae モズ: 肉食, solitary life: Lanius bucephalus モズ Bombycillidae (Swainson 1831) レンジャク: Bombycilla garrulus キレンジャク, B. japonica ヒレンジャク Cinclidae (Sundevall 1836) カワガラス, resident bird in mountain streams: Cinclus pallasii カワガラス Troglodytidae (Swainson 1832) ミソサザイ: Troglodytes troglodytes ミソサザイ Prunellidae (Richmond 1908) イワヒバリ: omnivorous Muscicapoidea ヒタキ Turdinae ツグミ亜科
Erithacus akahige コマドリ, E. komadori アカヒゲ(天然記念物), Saxicola torquata ノビタキ, Turdus naumanni ツグミ, Zoothera dauma aurea トラツグミ White's Thrush Sylvinae ウグイス亜科 Cettia ウグイス (C. squameiceps ヤブサメ, C. diphone ウグイス), Locustella センニュウ, Acrocephalus ヨシキリ (A. arundinaceus オオヨシキリ), Phylloscopus ムシクイ Muscicapinae ヒタキ亜科 (Muscicapa narcissina キビタキ, M. syanomelana オオルリ
Dicruridae カササギヒタキ 3. Anseriformes 海鳥類/陸水鳥類, waterbirdAnseriformes (Wagler 1831) カモAnatidae カモ/ガンカモ wild goose ガン(カリ) (goose ガチョウ/家雁: poultry), duck カモ/アヒル/家鴨: poultry) |
 African Stonechat (Saxicola torquata) at Sunasaki Coast on July 22 2011. |
 Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) near a Yachidamo (Fraxinus mandshurica) Park, East Ward, Sapporo, on May 5 2012. |
 Slaty-backed Gull (Larus schistisagus) at the mouth of Myojin River on July 22 2011. |
 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) at Ono Pond close to the Faculty of Engineer, HU, on July 15 2011. |
 [10] Grey duck or Spotbill duck (Anas poecilorhyncha)in Hirose River, close to Aoba Castle, northern Honshu, on March 23 2016. We can often see them in the pond of Hokkaido Government Office. |
 Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) with Common slider (Trachemys scripta) at Kyu-Shiba-Rikyu Gardens, Tokyo, on May 29 2015. |
 White-cheeked Starling (Sturnus cineraceus) at Kyu-Shiba-Rikyu Gardens, Tokyo, on May 29 2015. |
 Grey heron (Ardea cinerea) in Oi Pier Seaside Park, Tokyo, on June 3 2016. |
 Intermediate Egret (Ardea intermedia) Wagler in Hama-rikyu Gardens, Tokyo, on November 13 2015. |
 Dusky thrush (Turdus eunomus) at the Third Block North Park in the city of Sendai, northern Honshu, on March 23 2015. They are winter bird and move to Hokkaido soon. |
 Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica L. in the former sport ground of an elementary school in the city of Muroran on September 14 2015. The school was closed in the last year. The number of individuals has beeen increasing in the Iburi District of Hokkaido. Now it is popular in the residential areas of Tomakomai City. |
 Brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) near JR Tokyo Station, central Japan, on March 6 2012. |
 Rock dove or rock pigeon (Columba livia Gmelin 1789) near Subway North 24th Sation on December 23 2017. This species is originally in North Africa, Europe and Central Asia. |
 Little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis Pallas 1764) in the inner moat of Edo Castle, Tokyo, on October 19 2018. |
 Ducks: Aythya fuligula♂, ♂ ♀ A. marila♂ from left ot right. In a crater lake developed in the K-1 Crater of Mount Usu on April 10 2020. |
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Crow: all-inclusive Raven: large Rook: small Jackdaw: pigeon-sized = smallest |
Crows distributed on Mount KomaCorvus macrorhynchos (Jungle Crow or Large-Billed Crow), Corvus corone (Carrion Crow)The former species is widespead more than the latter species on Mount Koma. |
H. Nishi took all pictures.
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| 1. A Corvus macrorhynchos fed at 500 m in elevation. (July, 2002) | 2. A Corvus macrorhynchos caws on a palign at 450 m in elevation. Near the car pool on Mount Koma, crows often use artificial poles as perch. (July, 2002) | 3. Refer to photo 2. |
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| 4. A Corvus macrorhynchos stays on a larch. The dominant tree species on Mount Koma is now Japanese larch, and many bird species feed, reproduce and rest in areas where the larch is dominant. This photo was taken at 700 m in elevation. (July 2002) | 5. A Corvus macrorhynchos walks on the ground to find out food. (Aug. 2002) | 6. Refer to photo 5. |
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| 7. Corvus macrorhynchos caws on a Populus maximowiczii tree. As mentioned above, crows often utilize trees as perch. Therefore, the seedlings of Rhus trichocarpa often establish under the perches. | 8. Corvus macrorhynchos on a larch at 500 m in elevation (August 2002) | 9. Refer to photo 8. |
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[ wind farm ] Effects of wind farm on wild birds
changes in migratory routes bird strike (birdstrike or bird hit) (バードストライク) |
Countermeasure probably effective:
locations and designs
colored turbines |
