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Field trips (野外実習)






Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily

Field science (野外科学)

= outdoor science, which means one of the sciences, mainly researhced in outdoors

Field biology (野外生物学)

= fundamentals of ecology
  1. Observations in natural field → catch the fact (phenomena)
  2. Experiment under controlled conditions → demonstrate the fact
Notes on field trips (野外実習)
The purposes of the trips are field observation for education, often non-experimental research.

To observe the subject in its natural state and possibly collect samples
→ field equipment (野外調査道具)

flora on Mount Koma
flora on Mount Usu

Hokkaido, Japan

List of field trips I am handling

List of field trips I handled

Trip1 Trip2 Trip3 Trip4
[1] Field training on integrated environmental research on June 11 2008. [2] Field trip [Nature in sea, lake, volcanoa and forest (海と湖と火山と森林の自然)] on Septermber 4 2008. [3] Field training on biology (生物野外実習) (now changed to Field training on environmental life sciences, and was terminated in 2010) on June 15 2000. 4. Ecopan (エコパン)

Washington State

Mount Rainier field trip

Discovery Park field trip
Discovery Park: (Elevation under 50 m).Tsuga heterophylla zone, with many weedy elements.
On the loop trail we will pass through several associations, typical of the Western Hemlock Zone.Associations overlap and their boundaries may be arbitrary, but recognition is useful. Three associations are listed below.What are some ecological characteristics of these species?Given a list of from three to five co-occurring species, could you readily come up with several species also likely to occur?
A. Acer macrophyllum-Tsuga heterophylla / Gaultheria shallon-Berberis nervosa / Polystichum munitum. (Mixed deciduous/coniferous association). Due to disturbance and the seral nature of sampling could lead to the identification of several associations here.

Trees: Acer macrophyllum bigleaf maple, Alnus rubra red alder, Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrone, Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir, Tsuga heterophylla western hemlock, Thuja plicata red cedar
Shrubs: Berberis nervosalow Oregon grape, Gaultheria shallon salal, Holodisccus discolor ocean spray, Oemleria cerasiformis Indian plum, Rubus spectabilis salmonberry, Sambucus racemosa red elderberry, Vaccinium parvifolium red huckleberry
Herbs: Oxalis oregana Oregon wood-sorrel, Polystichum munitum sword fern, Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern, Tiarella trifoliata foam flower, Tolmiea menziesii youth-on-age, Urtica dioica single nettle, Viola spp.violets

B. Bluff/grassland associations. What would you call this association or associations?

Trees: Acer macrophyllum bigleaf maple, Alnus rubra red alder, Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir, Salix spp. willows
Shrubs: Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom, Gaultheria shallon salal, Oplopanax horridum devel's club, Rubus spp. blackberries, Sambucus racemosa red elderberry, Symphoricarpos albus snowberry
Herbs: Centaurea spp. knapweed, Dactylis glomerata orchard grass, Epilobium angustifolium fireweed, Festuca pratensis meadow fescue, Plantago maritima seaside plantain. P. lanceolata English plantain, Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern, Trifolium repens white clover

C. Meadow association (Cytisus scoparius/Festuca pratensis association).

Shrubs: Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom, Gaultheria shallon salal, Rubus ursinus trailing blackberry, dewberry, Salix spp.willows
Herbs: Achillea millefolium yarrow, Agrostis alba red top, bentgrass, Avena fatua wild oats, Dactylis glomerata orchard grass, Festuca pratensis meadow fescue, F. subulata nodding fescue, Plantago lanceolata English plantain, Rumex crisps curly rock, Trifolium repens white colver

Cle Elum field trip
Snoqualmie (Elevation 300 m). Lowland Forest and Wetland.
What upland associations are represented here?
1. ________________. 2. ________________. 3. ________________

Trees: Alnus rubra, Populus trichocarpa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, Acer macrophyllum
Shrubs: Acer circinatum, Cornus nuttallii, Cornus stolonifera, Oemleria cerassiformis, Oplopanax horridum, Philadelphus lewisii, Rubus spectabilis, Rubus ursinus, Salix sp., Sampucus racemosa, Spiraea douglasii, Vaccinium parvifolium, Prunus emarginata
Herbs: Equisetum sp., Goodyera oblongifolia, Maianthemum dilatatum, Phalaris arundinacea, Polystichum munitum, Pteridium aquilinum, Smilacina stellata, Trientalis latifolia, Tolmiea menziesii

[Snoqualmie Summit skislope]

Asahel Curtis Nature Trail (Elevation 650 m). Transition zone, with montane and lowland elements.
What associations occur here?
1. ________________. 2. ________________. 3. ________________

Trees: Abies amabilis, Abies grandis, Abies procera, Alnus rubra, Populus trichocarpa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla
Shrubs: Acer circinatum, Aruncus sylvestre, Berberis nervosa, Cornus nuttallii, Gaultheria shallon, Menziesia ferruginea, Oplopanax horridum, Rubus lasiococcus, Rubus parviflorus, Rubus spectabilis, Rubus ursinus, Salix sp., Sambusus racemosa, Taxus brevifolia, Vaccinium ovalifolium

Herbs: Achlys triphylla, Asarum caudatum, Blechnum spicant, Chimaphila menziesii, Clintonia uniflora, Cornus unalaschensis, Dryopteris sp., Gaultheria ovatifolia, Goodyera oblongifolia, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Linnaea borealis, Maianthemum dilatatum, Polystichum munitum, Pteridium aquilinum, Pyrola secunda, Rubus pedatus, Smilacina stellata, Tiarella unifoliata, Trientalis latifolia, Trillium ovatum, Viola sempervirens

Roslyn Road (600 m). Riparian zone (in Pinus ponderosa zone).

Trees: Abies grandis, Alnus rubra, Pinus ponderosa, Populus trichocarpa, Populus tremuloides, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Salix sp.
Shrubs: Acer glabrum, Berberis aquifolium, Cornus stolonifera, Corylus cornuta, Crategus sp., Pachistima myrsinites, Prunus emarginata, Rosa woodsii, Symphoricarpos albus

Cle Elum (700 m) Pinus ponderosa zone.

Trees: Abies grandis, Larix occidentalis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus contorta, Pinus monticola, Pinus ponderosa
Shrubs: Amelanchier alnifolia, Berberis aquifolium, Ceanothus velutinus, Holodiscus discolor, Pachistima myrsinites, Rosa woodsii, Purshia tridentata, Spiraea betulifolia, Arctostaphylos nevadensis, Symphoricarpos albus
Herbs: Achillea millefolium, Agropyron spicatum, Balsamorhiza saggitata, Calamogrostis rubescens, Carex geyeri, Coralorhiza sp., Elymus sp., Epilobium angustifolium, Erythronium montanum, Festuca idahoensis, Fragaria virginiana, Hieracium albiflorum, Pteridium aquilinum

Note: Additional stops will be made in other vegetation types in this vicinity, as time permits.
Whidbey Island field trip
Notes: Locatoin = Classic "W", Swamp, Fort Casey, Ebeys Land, Other #1, Other #2, ...
Species names: TREES, Abies grandis, Acer macrophyllum, Alnus rubra, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta, Pinus monticola, Populus trichocarpa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Salix lasiandra, Salix hokkeriana, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, SHRUBS, Amelanchier alnifolia, Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolium, Berberis nervosa, Gaultheria shallon, Holodiscus discolor, Kalmia occidentalis, Ledum groenlandicum, Lonicera ciliosa, Oemleria cerasiformis, Pachistima myrsinites, Prunus emarginata, Rhododendron macrophyllum, Ribes lacustre, Rosa gymnocarpa, Rosa nuktata, Rubus parviflorus, Rubus spectabilis, Sambucus racemosa, Sorbus aucuparia, Spiraea douglasii, Symphoricarpos albus, Ulex europeus, Vaccinium ovatum, Vaccinium parvifolium, FERNS/ALLIES, Athyrium filix-femina, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris austriaca, Equisetum spp., Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Pteridium aquilinum, GRAMINOIDS, Agrostis alba, Aira sp., Anthoxanthum odoratum, Bromus rigidus, Bromus titchensis, Bromus tectorum, Carex deweyi, Carex lyngbeyi, Dactylis glomerata, Distichlis spicata, Elymus mollis, Festuca pratense, Glyceria sp., Holcus mollis, Hordeum sp., Juncus effusus, Lolium perenne, Luzula campestris, Phalaris aurundinacea, Phleum pratense, Poa bulbosa, Poa pratensis, Typha latifolia, OTHER MONOCOTS, Allium cernuum, Brodiaea congesta, Camasia quamash, Fritillaria lanceolata, Goodyera oblongifolia, Lysichitum americanum, Maianthemum dilatatum, Trillium ovatum, Triglochin maritimum, Zigadenus venenosus, Zostera maritima, 		DICOTS, Abronia latifolia, Achillea millefolium, Adenocaulon bicolor, Amsinckia menziesii, Anthruscus scandicina, Anaphalis margaritacea, Angelica genuflexa, Arctium minus, Armeria maritima, Artemisia campestris, Atriplex patula, Brassica campestris, Cakile edentulata, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cerastium arvense, Chrysanthemum leucoanthemum, Cirsium arvense, Conium maculatum, Cornus unalaschkensis, Cuscuta salina, Epilobium angustifolium, Eriophyllum lanatum, Erodium cicutarium, Galium aparinem, Geranium molle, Grindeliaintegrifolia, Hypochaeris radicata, Lactuca murialis, Lathyrus latifolia, Lathyrus pacifica, Lepidium virginicum, Linnaea borealis, Lomatium nudecaule, Lomatium utriculare, Lupinus microcarpus, Lupinus littoralis, Lychnis alba, Lysichitum americanum, Marrubium vulgare, Atricaria matricarioides, Medicago sativa, Montia perfoliata, Montia siberica, Myosotis discolor, Opuntia fragilis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plectritus congestus, Potentilla pacifica, Ranunculus repens, Rumex acetosella, Rumex crispus, Salicornia virginica, Senecio jacobaea, Sisymbrium officinale, Solanum dulcamara, Solidago canadensis, Sonchus spp., Spergularia maritima, Taraxacum officinale, Tellima grandiflora, Tiarella trifoliata, Tolmiea menziesii, Tragopogon porrefolius, Trientalis latifolia, Trifolium repens, Urtica dioica, Veronica seryphllea, Vicia sativa, Vicia hirsuta, Vicia villosa, Others:
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