(First upload on October 20 2019. Last on April 30 2023) [ 日本語 | English ]
Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily
HOME > Plant list (植物リスト) > Pinaceae (マツ科) > Spruce (non-native to Japan)
[ P. abies | P. glauca | P. pungens | P. engelmannii | P. sitchensis ] [bark (樹皮)]
Shirotouhi (シロトウヒ, 白唐檜), white spruce Kanadatouhi (カナダトウヒ, 加奈陀唐檜) Lifeform: tall needle-leaved evergreen tree Distribution: widespread in the boreal regions of North America Habitat: climax tree developing taiga (Tsuyuzaki et al. 2009) ⇒ compared to P. mariana after wildfire (森林火災) Understory: dominated by mosses (蘚苔類), represented by Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, and Dicranum spp. Sphagnum spp. are not so common. Seed dispersal: windVarieties and cultivars |
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[1-3] at Fairbanks on August 10 2012.
Doitsutouhi (ドイツトウヒ, 独逸唐桧), Norway spruce Oshu-touhi (オウシュウトウヒ, 欧州唐桧) |
Lifeform: evergreen, needle-leaved tree, occasionally 50 m tall Distribution: northern and central Europe introduced to Japan in the middle of Meiji Era |
Habitat: dominant tree in boreal forests with fertile soils Use: snowbreaks, windbreaks and garden trees in Hokkaido, architectural material, including piano |
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[1-3] in the Arboretum of Shibecha Kyoto University Experimental Forest, on June 27 2019. [4] in an artificial pond in the Arboretum of Hokkaido University adjacent to Poplar Boulevard in the Hokkaido University campus on April 28 2023.
Kororadotouhi (コロラドトウヒ), Colorado blue spruce Pungensutouhi (プンゲンストウヒ) Amerikaharimomi (アメリカハリモミ, 亜米利加針樅) Lifeform: tall needle-leaved evergreen tree |
Distribution: the Rocky Mountains, West Coast Habitat: forest Use: gardening Cultivars: glauca (ギンヨウコロラドトウヒ), white leaves |
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[1] a bunch of cones on a tree at a parking lot, N28/E2, East Ward, Sapporo, on July 18 2014. Looks like a mast seeding (豊作). [2] at Riverside Park in N37 along Sosei River on April 10 2021. [3] in Toyohira Park, Toyohira Ward, Sapporo, on April 2 2021 (bark, 樹皮). [4/5] at the corner of N24/W5, North Ward, Sapporo, on April 3 2021.
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[1] at the arboretum (樹木園) of Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, in Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, on July 9 2013. [2/3] cv. glauca at a park near JR Obihiro Station, eastern Hokkaido, on June 6 2014.
Engerumantouhi (エンゲルマントウヒ), Engelmann spruce, or silver spruce Lifeform: tall, evergreen tree, occasionally becoming 60 m tall Distribution: at high elevations on the Rocky Mountains in western Noth America Habitat: forests → major climax species |
Seed dispersal: wind Use: woods, pulp, etc. var. engelmannii var. mexicana (Martinez) Silba, only in southwestern USA and a few cultivars |
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[1-3] at an arboretum garden in Tomakomai Experimental Forest, HU, on September 17 2015.
Shitokatouhi (シトカトウヒ), Sitka spruce Lifeform: large coniferous evergreen tree growing to ≈ 100 m Distribution: west coast of North America (down to California) |
Habitat: temperate rain forests Use: timber and paper |
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[1-3] in the salicetums of Botanic Gardens, Tohoku University, Natural Monument Aobayama, northern Honshu, on March 22 2016. Data: Rec. Seeds No. 1241. Ex. Vancouver, Canada. Donat. Bot. Gard. the Univ. of British Columbia. Plant. 15 May 1969