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(First upload on October 20 2019. Last on April 23 2021) [ 日本語 | English ]

Spruce (non-native to Japan)






Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily

Picea A. Dietr. (トウヒ), not in Japan

[ P. abies | P. glauca | P. pungens | P. engelmannii | P. sitchensis ] [bark (樹皮)]

Picea glauca in Interior Alaska


Shirotouhi (シロトウヒ, 白唐檜), white spruce
Kanadatouhi (カナダトウヒ, 加奈陀唐檜)
Lifeform: tall needle-leaved evergreen tree
Distribution: widespread in the boreal regions of North America
Habitat: climax tree developing taiga (Tsuyuzaki et al. 2009) ⇒ compared to P. mariana after wildfire (森林火災)

Understory: dominated by mosses (蘚苔類), represented by Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, and Dicranum spp. Sphagnum spp. are not so common.

Seed dispersal: wind
Varieties and cultivars
glauca
索引

Alaska1 Alaska2 Alaska3
[1-3] at Fairbanks on August 10 2012.

Picea abies (L.) Karst. transplanted in Hokkaido


Doitsutouhi (ドイツトウヒ, 独逸唐桧), Norway spruce
Oshu-touhi (オウシュウトウヒ)
Lifeform: evergreen, needle-leaved tree, occasionally 50 m tall
Distribution: northern and central Europe

introduced to Japan in the middle of Meiji Era

Habitat: dominant tree in boreal forests
Use: snowbreak and garden tree in Hokkaido, architectural material

Alaska1 Alaska2 Alaska3
[1-3] in the Arboretum of Shibecha Kyoto University Experimental Forest, on June 27 2019.

Picea pungens Engelm.


Kororadotouhi (コロラドトウヒ), Colorado blue spruce
Pungensutouhi (プンゲンストウヒ)
Amerikaharimomi (アメリカハリモミ, 亜米利加針樅)
Lifeform: tall needle-leaved evergreen tree
Distribution: the Rocky Mountains, West Coast
Habitat: forest
Use: gardening
Cultivars: glauca (ギンヨウコロラドトウヒ), white leaves
Transplanted in Hokkaido

ST1 ST2
ST3 ST4 ST5
[1] a bunch of cones on a tree at a parking lot, N28/E2, East Ward, Sapporo, on July 18 2014. Looks like a mast seeding (豊作). [2] at Riverside Park in N37 along Sosei River on April 10 2021. [3] in Toyohira Park, Toyohira Ward, Sapporo, on April 2 2021 (bark, 樹皮). [4/5] at the corner of N24/W5, North Ward, Sapporo, on April 3 2021.


cv. glauca

ST1 ST2 ST3
[1] at the arboretum (樹木園) of Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, in Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, on July 9 2013. [2/3] cv. glauca at a park near JR Obihiro Station, eastern Hokkaido, on June 6 2014.

Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.


Engerumantouhi (エンゲルマントウヒ), Engelmann spruce, or silver spruce
Lifeform: tall, evergreen tree, occasionally becoming 60 m tall
Distribution: at high elevations on the Rocky Mountains in western Noth America
Habitat: forests → major climax species
Seed dispersal: wind
Use: woods, pulp, etc.
var. engelmannii
var. mexicana (Martinez) Silba, only in southwestern USA
and a few cultivars

Transplanted in Hokkaido

ST1 ST2 ST3
[1-3] at an arboretum garden in Tomakomai Experimental Forest, HU, on September 17 2015.

Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière


Shitokatouhi (シトカトウヒ), Sitka spruce
Lifeform: large coniferous evergreen tree growing to ≈ 100 m
Distribution: west coast of North America (down to California)
Habitat: temperate rain forests
Use: timber and paper

Transplanted in Japan

ST1 ST2 ST3
[1-3] in the salicetums of Botanic Gardens, Tohoku University, Natural Monument Aobayama, northern Honshu, on March 22 2016. Data: Rec. Seeds No. 1241. Ex. Vancouver, Canada. Donat. Bot. Gard. the Univ. of British Columbia. Plant. 15 May 1969

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