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(First upload on July 20 2011. Last on August 26 2023) [ 日本語 | English ]

Three genera in Engler's syllabus (エングラー体系) [APG: Sapindaceae (ムクロジ)]

Hippocastanaceae DC. (トチノキ)

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Aesculus L.

Billia Peyr.

Handeliodendron Rehd.

Aesculus L. (トチノキ) in Japan

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A. turbinata Blume (トチノキ), one native species Plantation A. chinensis Bunge (シナトチノキ)

A. hippocastanum L. (セイヨウトチノキ) A. indica (Colebr. ex Camb.) Hook. (インドトチノキ)

A. pavia L. (アカバナアメリカトチノキ) A. × carnea Heyne (ベニバナトチノキ), A. hippocastanum × pavia

Aesculus turbinata in Hokkaido

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Tochinoki (トチノキ, 栃ノ木), Japanese backeye/Japanese horse-chestnut Lifeform: deciduous tree < 35 m high Distribution: Japan (Kyushu - south to Mount Teine and Zenibako Coast in southeastern Hokkaido), probably escaped in the other regions of Hokkaido Jomon forest (縄文の森)

Habitat: moist slopes along streams on mountains and ravines Field training on integrated environmental research (統合環境調査法実習) (fauna and flora 種リスト) Fruit: globular, not developing spines ↔ A. hippocastanum Seed dispersal: cache (Irie & Tsuyuzaki 2011) Chromosomal number: 2n = 40 f. pubescens (Rehder) Ohwi ex Yas. Endo (ウラゲトチノキ)

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
[1/2] in Nakagawa Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, on June 16 2011. The seeds (acorns) are cached by rodents (Irie & Tsuyuzaki 2011). [3-5] in Tsukiura Forest Park faced to Toya Lake on September 15 2015 (bark, 樹皮). [6] in the Sapporo City Nature Education Park on September 19 2016. [7-9] in an area where the Otaru-Yoichi wind farm was planned on June 15 2023. Records: in Maeda Forest Park on May 30 2020.