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Mount Usu / Sarobetsu post-mined peatland
From left: Crater basin in 1986 and 2006. Cottongrass / Daylily
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"How are the tastes", see Japanse pageTable. Japanese and scientific names of wild vegetables, I have ever eaten, distributed in Hokkaido.Allium victorialis ssp. platyphyllum (ギョウジャニンニク/アイヌネギ) Amphicarpaea bracteata ssp. edgeworthii var. japonica (ヤブマメ) Anemone flaccida (ニリンソウ/フクベラ) ウド Aralia cordata Aralia elata (タラノキ/タランボ)) Arctium lappa (ゴボウ) Corydalis ambigua (エゾエンゴサク) Erythronium japonicum (カタクリ) |
Lilium cordatum var. glehnii (オオウバユリ) Osmunda japonica (ゼンマイ) Polygonatum odoratum var. maximowiczii (オオアマドコロ) Polygonum sachalinense (オオイタドリ) Rumex acetosa (スイバ) Smilacina japonica (ユキザサ/アズキナ) Trapa japonica (ベカンベ/ヒシ) Matteuccia struthiopteris (クサソテツ/コゴミ)
[ wild vegetable | poisonous plant | crop ] |
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= toxic plants
Toxin (毒)all the chemical substances that negatiely influende the activies of livning organisms, in particular, humanToxin (毒素)chemical compounds produced by living organisms. Any naturally-produced poison is a toxin. Toxins are generally made of small molecules, peptides and/or proteins.Toxoid (類毒素)a chemical substances denatured by chemical reactions, reduced or removed the toxicity, and retained the activities as antitoxin Evolution of protection on plants
toxins are evoluved for both defensive and offensive attacks to herbivores
Touch, e.g., climbing sumac Representatives of poisonous plantsMandragora officinarun L., M. autumnalis Spreng., and M. caulescens Clarke (マンドラゴラ, mandrake or loveapple), Solanaceae
perennial herb, native to Mediterranean region cultivated for precious medicine (past) → pyretolysis, pain relief, emesis, purgative (high toxicity) Hyoscyamus niger L. (ヒヨス), Solanaeae20-80 cm high (flowering = May-September) native to Europe, Western Asia and North Africa seed → alkaloid medicine as pain relief, sedation (for stomach cramps, gastric pains, kidney disease, etc. (strongly toxic) Atropa belladonna L. (オオカミナス)Leaf, root: extracts are used for medicines and ingredient of manufacturing atropine sulphate that has the effect of pupillary enlargement (highly toxic) Artemisia absinthium L.(ニガヨモギ) no descriptions on toxity → containing absinthe, which is bitter glycoside, in the whole plant stems and branches → absinthe or absinth (アブサン酒), which is a strong liqueur Colchicum autumnale L. (イヌサフラン) Seeds and bulbs: containing colchicine, one of the alkaloids (highly toxic) Euphorbia pekinensis Pupr. var. japonensis Makino (タカトウダイ), Euphorbiaceae flowering = June-July perennial, native to Japan (south to Honshu) - Korea highly poisonous → contact = skin inflammation, sinus infection, uptake = troat upswell, blatts Achillea alpina L. (ノコギリソウ)containing chamazulene, etc. (essences) → pain relief, arrest of bleeding, etc. → paste the flour to affected part |
![]() perennial with 2 m high, flowering = summer native to the tropical American Continent → widespread in temperate and tropical regions for producing cigarettes
dried leaf: nicotine and the other alkaloids → smoking (喫煙) annual, flowering = July-September native to central and southern Europe, and northern Africa
emulsion containing in the whole plants = lactucarium: antitussive, hypnogenesis, pain reliever (past) → high drug toxicity (not used in the present) star-shaped fruit containing strong poison → emesis, diarrhea, breathing disorder, etc. after feeding (occasionally death) anisatin (C15H20O8), neo-anisatin, etc. Strychnos nux-vomica L. (マチン, strychine), Loganiaceae evergreen tree ≈ 10 m high native between India and tropical northern Australia
containing strychnine, one of the alkaloids Deadly poisons containing the whole plant → emesis, diarrhea, and/or irregular heartbeat after dosing strong nauseant and cardiotonic (past) Anacardium occidentale L. (カシュー, cashew), Anacardiaceae evergreen tree native to West India - Central American Continent
Bark containing tannin, fresh seed: anacardic acids Many more! Poisonous plants distributed in HokkaidoActaea asiatica (ルイヨウショウマ)Conium maculatum (ドクニンジン) Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum (クサノオウ) Datura metel (チョウセンアサガオ) Disporum sessile (ホウチャクソウ) Papaver somniferum (ケシ opium poppy) Phryma leptostachya (ハエドクソウ) Phytolacca esculenta (ヤマゴボウ) Ranunculus japonicus (ウマノアシガタ) Scoparia japonica (ハシリドコロ) Solanum nigrum (イヌホオズキ) Veratrum spp. (シュロソウ属, バイケイソウ) Xanthium occidentale (オオオナモミ) The three major poisonous plants of Japan (日本三大有毒植物)These three species are distributed in Hokkaido.
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≈ traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or traditional medicine A medical system that has been used for thousands of years to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. It is based on the belief that qi (気, the body's vital energy) flows along meridians (channels) in the body and keeps a person's spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical health in balance. Oriental medicine aims to restore the body's balance and harmony between the natural opposing forces of yin (陰) and yang (陽), which can block qi and cause disease. |
Treatments: acupuncture, diet, herbal therapy, meditation, physical exercise, and massage oriental herb (Chinese herb and Chinese herbal medicine) (漢方薬) medical herb (medicinal herb and drug plant &rarr) (薬草) herb doctor (薬草医) Buzzing or tinnitus (耳鳴り)no miracle oriental drug |
Plants and fungi grown to be harvested for economic purposes, such as food, fodder, and fuel.
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Table. Optimal pH (pH that is best for plant growth) pH: plants 5.0-5.5: rice, oat, sweet potato, water melon, sunchoke, tea 5.5-6.5: corn, buckwheat, tobacco, radish, lily, Japanese yam 5.5-7.0: wheat, carrot, turnip, burdock, aroid, tomato, egg plant 6.0-7.5: rye, soybean, azuki bean, green onion, white clover, sunflower 6.5-8.5: barley, spinach, potato, astragalus, onion VegetableAllium (ネギ類)Solanum (ナス類) High-yield plantHigh-yield vegetable, HYV |